Birol A. Yeşilada is Professor of Political Science and International Studies and Contemporary Turkish Studies Chair at Portland State University, USA. Jacek Kugler is an Elisabeth Helm Rosecrans Professor of World Politics and Political Economy at Claremont Graduate University, USA. Gaspare Genna is Professor in the Department of Political Science at The University of Texas at El Paso, USA. Osman Göktuğ Tanrıkulu is a PhD student at Portland State University, USA.