Andrea S. Aldrich is a lecturer in the Department of Political Science at Yale University where she teaches and researches about women in politics, party politics, and Europe. Her research examines the representation of women, exploring the conditions that encourage women's political leadership, the consequences of women in power within political parties, and legislative institutions. She obtained her PhD from the University of Pittsburgh. William T. Daniel is Associate Professor in Comparative Politics at the School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham (UK). He teaches and researches in legislative and party politics, with a particular interest in political careers and representation in Europe. Prior to this, Daniel was Assistant Professor of Political Science at Francis Marion University in South Carolina (USA). He obtained his PhD from the University of Pittsburgh.