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Four Revolutions in the Earth Sciences

From Heresy to Truth

James Lawrence Powell

$69.95

Hardback

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English
Columbia University Press
23 December 2014
Over the course of the twentieth century, scientists came to accept four counterintuitive yet fundamental facts about the Earth: deep time, continental drift, meteorite impact, and global warming. When first suggested, each proposition violated scientific orthodoxy and was quickly denounced as scientific-and sometimes religious-heresy. Nevertheless, after decades of rejection, scientists came to accept each theory.

The stories behind these four discoveries reflect more than the fascinating push and pull of scientific work. They reveal the provocative nature of science and how it raises profound and sometimes uncomfortable truths as it advances. For example, counter to common sense, the Earth and the solar system are older than all of human existence; the interactions among the moving plates and the continents they carry account for nearly all of the Earth's surface features; and nearly every important feature of our solar system results from the chance collision of objects in space. Most surprising of all, we humans have altered the climate of an entire planet and now threaten the future of civilization. This absorbing scientific history is the only book to describe the evolution of these four ideas from heresy to truth, showing how science works in practice and how it inevitably corrects the mistakes of its practitioners. Scientists can be wrong, but they do not stay wrong. In the process, astonishing ideas are born, tested, and over time take root.

By:  
Imprint:   Columbia University Press
Country of Publication:   United States
Dimensions:   Height: 229mm,  Width: 152mm,  Spine: 33mm
Weight:   652g
ISBN:   9780231164481
ISBN 10:   0231164483
Pages:   384
Publication Date:  
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Undergraduate
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
List of Illustrations Preface Introduction Part I. Deep Time The Abyss of Time A Great Mistake Has Been Made The Bank of Time Account Overdrawn Strange Rays An Hourglass of Great Precision Geochronology Duck Soup Part II. Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics An Idea to Pursue A Very Trusting Man Dead on Arrival Geologists Unite Against Heresy Continental Drift: Not Even Wrong Postwar Surprises Wandering Poles or Drifting Continents? The Final Confrontation Spreading Seafloors HypotHESSes The Discovery of the Century All This Rubbish Part III. Meteorite Impact A Trivial Process To Hunt a Star The Moon's Face Rosetta Stone To a Rocky Moon Worlds in Collision Dinosaur Killer Out with a Bang Cosmic Pinball Part IV. Global Warming Origins of the CO2 Theory Tedious Calculations of Extraordinary Interest Destructive Criticism A Unique Experiment of Planetary Dimensions Giant Brains Warming Is Unequivocal From Heresy to Truth Acknowledgments Notes Recommended Reading Bibliography Index

James Lawrence Powell serves as executive director of the National Physical Science Consortium, a partnership among government agencies and laboratories, industry, and higher education dedicated to increasing the number of American citizens with graduate degrees in the physical sciences and related engineering fields, emphasizing recruitment of a diverse applicant pool that includes women and minorities. He received his Ph.D from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and has taught at Oberlin College and served as its acting president. He has also been president of Franklin and Marshall College, Reed College, the Franklin Institute Science Museum in Philadelphia, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History. Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush both appointed Powell to the National Science Board. He is also the author of The Inquisition of Climate Science.

Reviews for Four Revolutions in the Earth Sciences: From Heresy to Truth

Powell breaks new ground. His scholarship is deep, and his stories are well-written and enriched with human detail. Anyone with an interest in how science progresses will profit from reading this. -- Spencer Weart, Director Emeritus of the Center for History of Physics of the American Institute of Physics Absorbing Publishers Weekly 6/23/14 This clear and well-written book offers four classic examples that show how science progresses - despite tough opposition, generally accepted ideas are often slowly replaced by newer, better ones. As an apocryphal medical school dean told incoming students: Half of what we will teach you in the next four years is wrong. The problem is that we don't knowwhich half. James Lawrence Powell's new title provides a lively look at how the sciences, in this case the Geosciences, really work. -- Seth Stein, Northwestern University


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