Eliphas Ndou is a Senior Lecturer in Economics at the University of South Africa. He has worked as an economist at the South African Reserve Bank and has authored books on international finance, fiscal policy, monetary, labour, macro and microeconomics, banking regulation, and macro-prudential policy. Nombulelo Gumata is an Economist. She worked at the South African Reserve Bank and has authored several books on international finance and macroeconomics, macro-prudential and regulatory tools and financial stability, labour markets, and monetary, and fiscal policy.