Farm Animal Anesthesia

Contributing Authors Preface Chapter 1. Preanesthetic Considerations HuiChu Lin Positioning Ruminal tympany Regurgitation Salivation Malignant hyperthermia Differences in sensitivity to anesthetics Preanesthetic preparation References Chapter 2. Commonly Used Preanesthetics HuiChu Lin Acepromazine (phenothiazine derivatives) Droperidol and azaperone (butyrophenone derivatives) Detomidine, dexmedetomidine, medetomidine, romifidine, and xylazine (α2 agonists) Atipamezole, tolazoline, yohimbine, and vatinoxan (α2 antagonists) Diazepam and midazolam (benzodiazepine derivatives) Chloral hydrate References Chapter 3. Standing Sedation and Chemical Restraint HuiChu Lin Cattle Small ruminants and camelids Swine References Chapter 4. Injectable Anesthetics and Field Anesthesia HuiChu Lin Injectable anesthetics Ketamine Telazol Alfaxalone Guaifenesin Field anesthesia Cattle Small ruminants and camelids Swine References Chapter 5. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Stuart Clark-Price Physiology of the neuromuscular junction Mechanism of action of NMBA Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents   Clinically useful NMBA Atracurium Cis-atracurium Vecuronium Rocuronium Monitoring of NMBA action Reversal of NMBA References Chapter 6. Inhalation Anesthesia and Use of Ventilator HuiChu Lin Cattle Small ruminants and camelids Swine Use of Ventilators References Chapter 7. Perioperative Monitoring and Management of Complications HuiChu Lin Perioperative monitoring Supportive fluid therapy Positioning Recovery Perioperative complications Regurgitation and aspiration pneumonia Airway obstruction Ruminal tympany/bloat Salivation Hypoventilation Cardiac arrhythmias Hypotension Hypothermia Malignant hyperthermia Postanesthetic neuromyopathy Cardiovascular collapse References Chapter 8. Local and Regional Anesthetic Techniques Jessica Rush and Jenna Stockler Local anesthetic agents Anesthesia for dehorning Anesthesia for the eye and eyelids Nasal anesthesia Anesthesia for reproductive procedures and for cessation of straining Caudal epidural anesthesia Continuous caudal epidural anesthesia Internal pudendal nerve block Dorsal penile nerve block Sacral paravertebral nerve block Lumbosacral epidural anesthesia Anesthesia for laparotomy Line block Inverted L block Proximal paravertebral block Distal paravertebral block Anesthesia for udder and teats Anesthesia of the limbs Castration References Chapter 9. Anesthetic Management of Specific Procedures Benjamin Newcomer Urogenital surgery in the male Castration Penile papilloma Persistent frenulum Penile translocation Epididymectomy Vasectomy Urogenital surgery in the female Cesarean section Ovariectomy Vaginal prolapse Perineal laceration Surgical disorders of the abdomen Laparotomy Disorders of the forestomachs Displacements and volvulus of the abomasum Small intestine disorders (intussusception, intestinal volvulus, intestinal obstruction) Urolithiasis and bladder rupture Umbilical hernias Musculoskeletal indications Dehorning Claw amputation and facilitated ankylosis Excision of interdigital fibromas Teeth Floating Tail docking Rectal prolapse Wounds, lumps, bumps, and abscesses Wound management Ocular squamous cell carcinoma Enucleation Entropion Abscess removal for caseous lymphadenitis References Chapter 10. Pain Management for Farm Animals HuiChu Lin Local anesthetics Systemic pain management Opioid analgesics Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Alpha-2 agonists Ketamine Gabapentin Drug combinations for pain management Constant rate infusion Local or regional analgesia Caudal epidural analgesia Lumbosacral epidural anesthesia Intra-articular analgesia References Chapter 11. Fluid Therapy Manuel F. Chamorro and Paul H. Walz General considerations Physiology of body fluids Patient assessment Fluid and electrolyte therapy in the perioperative period Quantity and rate of fluid administration Fluid type selection Fluid therapy in cases of calf diarrhea Fluid therapy in cases of acute ruminal acidosis (grain overload) Fluid therapy in cases of Hepatic lipidosis/Ketosis/Pregnancy toxemia Fluid therapy in cases of abomasal and small intestinal disorders Fluid therapy for cases of sepsis (septic peritonitis, septic omphalitis, etc.) Fluid therapy in cases of urinary tract obstruction/rupture Whole blood transfusions Method of administration Monitoring fluid administration References Chapter 12. Regulatory and Legal Considerations of Anesthetics and Analgesics Used in Food Producing Animals Thomas Passler Alpha-2 agonists and antagonists Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Dissociative anesthetics Local anesthetics Opioids Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Phenothiazine Derivatives Propofol References ­­13. Euthanasia of Farm Animals Thomas Passler Considerations prior to Euthanasia The Process of Euthanasia Methods of euthanasia Injectable euthanasia agents Physical methods Adjunctive and other methods of euthanasia Considerations Subsequent to Euthanasia References