Experiencing Jazz

CONTENTS List of Photos List of Examples List of Figures Preface to the Third Edition of Experiencing Jazz Acknowledgements PART I: UNDERSTANDING JAZZ Chapter 1 The Nature of Jazz Experiencing Music … Experiencing Jazz That Four-Letter Word Defining Jazz Chapter Summary Study Questions Chapter 2 Listening to Jazz Performance Practice The Drum Set and Swing Orchestration and Instrumentation The Arrangement Instrumental Techniques and Special Effects Special Effects—The Sounds of Jazz Jazz Singing Understanding Jazz Improvisation Understanding the Whole Performance Describing the Performance Video Blues Chapter Summary Key Terms Study Questions Chapter 3 The Roots of Jazz Jazz in Perspective The Significance of African Music to Jazz African Musical Aesthetic Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Bamaaya” African Music as a Means of Communication The Afro-Latin and Caribbean Tinge Background Early Fusions Early American Vocal Music The Innovators: Getting the Blues Robert Johnson (1911-1938) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Ramblin’ on my Mind” Bessie Smith (1984-1937) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Lost Your Head Blues” W.C. Handy—“Father of the Blues” (1873-1958) Ragtime Musical Highlights to Listen for in “St. Louis Blues” Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Maple Leaf Rag” Brass and Military Bands Chronicle of Historic Events Chapter Summary Key Terms Study Questions PART II: CLASSIC JAZZ Chapter 4 Jazz Takes Root Jazz in Perspective The Reception of Early Jazz New Orleans—The Birthplace of Jazz New Orleans Jazz Band Instrumentation The Innovators: Early Jazz Original Dixieland Jazz Band Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Dixie Jass Band One-Step” Kid Ory (1890-1973) Joe “King” Oliver (1885-1938) Lilian Hardin (1898-1971) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Dippermouth Blues” Jelly Roll Morton (1890-1941) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Black Bottom Stomp” Louis Armstrong (1901-1971) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “West End Blues” Sidney Bechet (1897-1959) Chronicle of Historic Events Chapter Summary Key Terms Study Questions Chapter 5 The Jazz Age: From Chicago to New York Jazz in Perspective On the Other Side of Town The Chicago Sound The Innovators: A Few of the Many New Orleans Rhythm Kings (NORK) Bix Beiderbecke (1903-1931) Frankie “Tram” Trumbauer (1901-1956) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Singin’ the Blues” Paul Whiteman (1890-1967) and Symphonic Jazz Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Mississippi Mud” Boogie-Woogiue, Eight to the Bar The Decline of the Chicago Era New York and the Harlem Renaissance James P. Johnson (1891-1955) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Carolina Shout” Marketing Jazz Chronicle of Historic Events Chapter Summary Key Terms Study Questions Chapter 6 The Swing Era: Jazz at Its Peak Jazz in Perspective The Depths of the Depression The Country Recovers The Anatomy of the Swing Era Jazz Band Instrumentation Repertoire and Arrangement The Innovators: Swing on the East Coast Fletcher Henderson (1897-1952) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “The Stampede” Coleman Hawkins (1904-1969): “The Father of Jazz Tenor Saxophone” Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Body and Soul” Duke Ellington (1899-1974): Music Was His Mistress Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Ko-Ko” Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Isfahan” Benny Goodman (1909-1986): The “King of Swing” Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Good Enough to Keep” Popular White Swing Bands Musical Highlights to Listen for in Artie Shaw’s “Traffic Jam” The Vocalists’ Rise to Fame Ongoing Latin Influences Chapter Summary Key Terms Study Questions Chapter 7 Swinging Across the Country: The Bands, Singers, and Pianists Jazz in Perspective The Innovators: A Unique Kaycee Style Bennie Moten (1893-1935) William “Count” Basie (1904-1984) Lester Young (1909-1959) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Every Tub” Territory Bands Mary Lou Williams (1910-1981) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Mary’s Idea” The Innovators: A Few of the Swing Era Singers and Pianists Billie Holiday (1915-1981): “Lady Day” Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Body and Soul” Ella Fitzgerald (1918-1986): “The First Lady of Swing” Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Honeysuckle Rose” Art Tatum (1909-1956) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Tea For Two” Traditional Jazz Revival Swing Era Success Chronicle of Historic Events Chapter Summary Key Terms Study Questions PART III: MODERN JAZZ Chapter 8 The Bebop Revolution Jazz in Perspective The Lifestyle and Musical Characteristics The Birth of Bebop: The First Recordings Characteristics of the Style Bebop Performance Practice and Instrumental Roles Defined The Innovators: Bop Stylists John Birks “Dizzy” Gillespie (1917-1993) Charlie Parker (1920-1955) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Anthropology” Dexter Gordon (1923-1990) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Index” Thelonious Sphere Monk (1917-1982) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Epistrophy” Sarah Vaughan (1924-1990): “The Divine One” Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Easy Living” Other Significant Bebop Figures Bud Powell (1924-1966) Oscar Pettiford (1922-1960) Kenny Clarke (1914-1985) Max Roach (1924-2007) Tadd Dameron (1917-1965) Fats Navarro (1923-1950) J.J. Johnson (1924-2001) Betty Carter (1930-1998), Carmen McRae (1920-1994), and Anita O’Day (1919-2006) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Frenesi” Barney Kessel (1923-2004) and Tal Farlow (1921-1998) Modern Jazz Embraces the Afro-Cuban Spirit Dizzy Gillespie and the Birth of Cubop Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Manteca” The Decline of Bebop Chronicle of Historic Events Chapter Summary Key Terms Appendix: table of million selling record albums Study Questions Suggested Supplemental Listening Chapter 9 The 1950s and Early 1960s: Cool, Intellectual, and Abstract Jazz Jazz in Perspective Characteristics of Cool Jazz The Innovators: The Cool Sound on the East and West Coasts Miles Davis (1926-1991) and Gil Evans (1912-1988): The Birth of the Cool Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Moon Dreams” Modern Jazz Quartet Gerry Mulligan (1927-1996) and Chet Baker (1929-1988) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Line for Lyons” Dave Brubeck (1920-2012) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Blue Rondo á la Turk” Bill Evans (1929-1980) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Witchcraft” The Brazilian Bossa Nova Stan Getz (1927-1991) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “So Danço Samba” Third-Stream Jazz Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Transformation” Lennie Tristano (1919-1978) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Intuition” Who Was Popular Chronicle of Historic Events Chapter Summary Key Terms Study Questions PART IV: POSTMODERN JAZZ Chapter 10 Tradition Meets the Avant-Garde: Moderns and Early Postmoderns Coexist Jazz in Perspective The Innovators: The Characteristics and Artists of Mainstream Hard Bop Art Blakey (1919-1990) Carries the Message Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Moanin’” Other Hard Bop Messengers Horace Silver (1928-2014) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Strollin’” Clifford Brown (1930-1956) and Sonny Rollins (1930-) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Pent Up House” More About Funky, Soul Jazz and the 1950s and 1960s Organ Trios and the Guitar Wes Montgomery (1923-1968) Jimmy Smith (1925-2005) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “OGD” Lambert, Hendricks & Ross and the Vocal Groups of the 1950s and 1960s Everlasting Big Bands Musical Highlights to Listen for in “La Suerte de los Tontos” Defining Postmodernism Ornette Coleman (1930-2015) and his Disciples Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Congeniality” The Innovators: Postmodern Jazz Comes of Age Charles Mingus (1922-1979) – The Underdog Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Boogie Stop Shuffle” The End of Modern Jazz Heralded by the Beginning of the Postmoderns Jazz in Academia Chapter Summary Key Terms Study Questions Chapter 11 Miles and Miles of Miles: Miles Davis and His Sidemen Redefine Postmodern Jazz Jazz in Perspective The Music The Early Miles The First Great Quintet Modal Jazz Musical Highlights to Listen for in “So What” Miles and Gil Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Summertime” The Second Great Quintet Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Orbits” The Electronic Jazz-Rock Fusion Period Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Miles Runs the Voodoo Down” Davis Sidemen Become Major Forces John Coltrane (1926-1967) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Giant Steps” Musical Highlights to Listen for in “My Favorite Things” Wayne Shorter (1933-2023) Herbie Hancock (1940-) Chronicle of Historic Events Chapter Summary Key Terms Study Questions Chapter 12 The 1970s – An Electric Revolution Jazz in Perspective The Music Jazz and Rock: The Two-Way Connection The Innovators: Living Electric in the Shadow of Miles Davis Weather Report Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Palladium” Herbie Hancock and the Head Hunters Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Chameleon” John McLaughlin (1942-) and the Mahavishnu Orchestra Chick Corea (1941-2021) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Spain” Soul and Pop Instrumental Jazz David Sanborn (1945-) The Brecker Brothers Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Some Skunk Funk” Grover Washington, Jr. (1943-1999) Chuck Mangione (1940-) The Signs of the Times: New Technologies and Changing Business Models Chronicle of Historic Events Chapter Summary Key Terms Study Questions Chapter 13 The Eclectic 1970s-1990s Long Live Acoustic Jazz The ECM Sound The Innovators: The Rebirth of Acoustic Jazz Keith Jarrett (1945-) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “The Windup” Return of Expatriates Unleashes a Rebirth of Acoustic Jazz Wynton Marsalis (1961-) and the Young Lions Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Delfeayo’s Dilemma” Established Artists Set a New Standard John Scofield (1951-) and Joe Lovano (1952-) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Some Nerve” Michael Brecker (1949-2007) and Pat Metheny (1954-) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Song for Bilbao” The Freedom Fighters Take Risks Cecil Taylor (1929-) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Jitney No. 2” Jazz/Pop Crossover Vocalists George Benson (1943-) Al Jarreau (1940-2017) Bobby McFerrin (1950-) Vocal Ensemble Renaissance The Manhattan Transfer Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Another Night in Tunisia” Old Bottles, New Wines – Long Live Big Bands The Changing Jazz Landscape as the Millennium Comes to a Close Chronicle of Historic Events Chapter Summary Key Terms Study Questions Chapter 14 Jazz for a New Century Jazz in Perspective A Note from the Authors Trends in Contemporary Jazz Popular Music Influences Tim Hagans (1954-) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Trumpet Sandwich” Vocal Renaissance Esperanza Spalding (1984-) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Cuerpo y Alma” Kurt Elling (1967-) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Up From New Orleans” Contemporary Women Emerging as Innovators Teri Lynne Carrington (1965-) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Mosaic Triad” Innovation Through Composition Maria Schneider (1960-) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Hang Gliding” Afro-Cuban and Latin Jazz Danilo Pérez (1965-) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Suite for the Americas, Part 1” Jazz as an International Language Rudresh Mahanthappa (1971-) and Vijay Iyer (1971-) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “The Shape of Things” The New Innovators: 21st-Century Emerging Artists Jason Moran (1975-) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Artists Ought to Be Writing” Chris Potter (1971-) Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Firefly” Closing Thoughts Chronicle of Historic Events Chapter Summary Key Terms Study Questions Chapter 14.5 The Story Continues Online Supplement Found at Introduction Selected Innovative Contemporary Artists Appendix I: Glossary of Terms Appendix II: Suggested Jazz Videos Appendix III: Chapter Notes and Additional Sources Index