Leonard S. Milling, PhD is the recently retired Professor of Psychology at the University of Hartford. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA) through Division 3 (Society of Psychological Hypnosis). He received the Distinguished Contributions to Scientific Hypnosis award from APA Division 3 in 2 2 . He is best known for his peer-reviewed journal articles on the mediator and moderator variables associated with hypnotic pain reduction, as well as on the efficacy of hypnosis as a treatment or intervention.