Endocrine and Metabolic Medical Emergencies

Notes on Contributors x Foreword xv Preface xvi List of Abbreviations xviii Part I General Aspects of AcuteMedical Emergencies 1 Introduction: AcuteMedical Care: A Crisis with Solutions 3 GlennMatfin 1 Early Management of AcuteMedical Emergencies 10 Paul J. Frost and Matt P.Wise Part II General Endocrine and Metabolic Aspects of Acute and Critical Illness 21 Introduction: Endocrine Testing and Responses in Acute and Critical Illness 23 David B. Sacks 2 Endocrine Testing in Acute and Critical Illness 28 Reza Morovat 3 Endocrine Responses to Critical Illness: Novel Insights and Therapeutic Implications 60 Jan Gunst, Eva Boonen, and Greet Van den Berghe Part III Special Populations 83 4 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Pregnancy 85 Anita Banerjee and CatherineWilliamson 5 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Inherited Metabolic Diseases: Acute Presentations in Adulthood 98 Elaine Murphy and Robin H. Lachmann 6 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Transitional Care 110 Mabel Yau andMark A. Sperling 7Emergency Perioperative Diabetes and Endocrine Management 129 Glenn Matfin, Kate Evans, and Ketan Dhatariya 8 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in HIV/AIDS 151 Katherine Samaras 9 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Late-Effects Patients: Consequences of Cancer Therapy 160 Helena Gleeson and Andrew Toogood 10 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Transplantation 171 Robert A. Wermers and Pankaj Shah 11 Endocrine and Metabolic Changes with Aging: Endocrin-Aging: Recognizing and Managing Care in Older Frail Persons 182 Angela M. Abbatecola and John E.Morley Part IV Pituitary Disorders 195 Introduction: Emergency Management of Pituitary Disorders 197 Edward R. Laws and Ursula B. Kaiser 12 Hypopituitarism 203 Nicholas A. Tritos and Anne Klibanski 13 Pituitary Apoplexy 218 Claire Briet and Philippe Chanson 14 Macroprolactinomas 231 Mark E. Molitch Part V Thyroid Disorders 243 Introduction: Emergency Management of Thyroid Disorders 245 Hossein Gharib 15 Myxedema Coma 252 Natasha Kasid and James V. Hennessey 16 Life-Threatening Thyrotoxicosis: Thyroid Storm and Adverse Effects of Antithyroid Drugs 262 Alicia L.Warnock, David S. Cooper, and Henry B. Burch 17 Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis 284 Fausto Bogazzi, Luca Tomisti, Luigi Bartalena, and Enio Martino 18 Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis 296 Mark Vanderpump 19 Sight-Threatening Graves’Orbitopathy 305 Rebecca S. Bahn and James A. Garrity Part VI Adrenal Disorders 313 Introduction: Emergency Management of Adrenal Disorders 315 Anand Vaidya 20 Acute Adrenal Insufficiency 321 Glenn Matfin 21 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Florid Cushing’s Syndrome 345 Krystallenia I. Alexandraki and Ashley B. Grossman 22 Endocrine Hypertensive Emergencies 355 Graeme Eisenhofer, Andrzej Januszewicz, Christina Pamporaki, and Jacques W. M. Lenders Part VII Calcium, Phosphate, and Metabolic Bone Diseases 375 Introduction: Emergency Management of Calcium, Phosphate, and Metabolic Bone Diseases 377 John P. Bilezikian 23 Hypocalcemia 380 Glenn Matfin 24 Hypercalcemia 400 Glenn Matfin 25 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Phosphate Disorders 422 Anda R. Gonciulea and Suzanne M. Jan de Beur 26 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Osteoporosis and Its Therapy 433 Dima L. Diab and Nelson B.Watts 27 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Paget’s Disease of Bone 447 Ethel S. Siris and Dorothy A. Fink 28 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Kidney Stones 454 Hasan Fattah and David S. Goldfarb Part VIII Neuroendocrine Tumors 465 Introduction: Emergency Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors 467 Kjell Oberg 29 Acute Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies Related to Neuroendocrine Tumors 472 Gregory Kaltsas, Krystallenia I. Alexandraki, and Ashley B. Grossman Part IX Glucose Disorders 485 Introduction: Emergency Management of Glucose Disorders 487 Gerry Rayman 30 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia in Non-Critical Care Hospital Settings 491 Rodolfo J. Galindo and Guillermo E. Umpierrez 31 Hypoglycemia 506 Elizabeth M. Lamos, Lisa M. Younk, and Stephen N. Davis 32 Severe Hyperglycemia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State 531 Ketan Dhatariya and GlennMatfin 33 Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy in Patients with Newly Presenting Type Diabetes 548 Wen Xu, David Owens, and JianpingWeng 34 Management of Concentrated Insulins in Acute Care Settings 560 Nuha El Sayed, Megan J. Ritter, and Alissa R. Segal 35 Management of Insulin Pumps in Hospitalized Patients 571 Bithika M. Thompson, Patricia A. Mackey, and Curtiss B. Cook 36 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia during Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition 584 Aidar R. Gosmanov and Niyaz R. Gosmanov 37 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Patients with Renal Insufficiency 598 Glenn Matfin 38 Management of Glucocorticoid-Induced Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia 616 Han Na Kim and NestorasMathioudakis 39 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia in Acute Coronary Syndrome, Acute Stroke, and Acute Heart Failure 632 Miles Fisher 40 Acute Diabetic Foot 648 Glenn Matfin Part X Sodium Disorders 673 Introduction: Emergency Management of Sodium Disorders 675 Richard H. Sterns 41 Emergency Management of Acute and Chronic Hyponatremia 679 Joseph G. Verbalis 42 Emergency Management of Acute and Chronic Hypernatremia 700 Aoife Garrahy and Christopher Thompson Part XI Obesity and Clinical Lipidology 717 Introduction: Emergency Management Related to Obesity and Clinical Lipidology 719 Robert H. Eckel 43 Acute Emergencies Related to Bariatric Surgery 723 Michael A. Via and Jeffrey I. Mechanick 44 Chylomicronemia Syndrome: Very Severe Hypertriglyceridemia and Acute Pancreatitis 742 Anthony S. Wierzbicki 45 Statin-Related Myopathy and Rhabdomyolysis 760 Connie B. Newman and Jonathan A. Tobert Index 775