Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Veterinary Medicine

List of Contributors xix Preface xxi Chapter A Chapter B Access to Veterinary Care: A Gateway to Family Health and Social Equity 1 Michael J. Blackwell Introduction, 1 Access to Veterinary Care: A Family and Community Affair, 3 Social Responsibility of Healthcare Professions, 5 Action Steps: Building a One Health Interprofessional System, 8 Summary, 10 References, 11 Belonging: “Finding Home: Navigating the Landscape of Belonging” 13 Sandra Dawkins, Sue Knoblaugh, and Rustin Moore What is Belonging?, 14 The Power of Belonging, 16 How Do We Create a Sense of Belonging in the Workplace –and within the Veterinary Workplace?, 16 Unconscious Bias, 17 Hiring Practices, 18 Transparent and Fair Processes, 18 Onboarding Practices, 18 Communication and Feedback, 19 Employee Resource Groups and Affinity Networks, 19 Creating Safe and Inclusive Workplaces, 20 Example: Reimagining the Visual Representation of Our Past, Present, and Future, 20 References, 21 Additional Resources, 22 Chapter C Cultural Competence and Cultural Humility in Veterinary Medicine 23 Zenithson Ng and Adesola Odunayo Introduction, 23 Cultural Competence, 24 Cultural Humility, 24 Shift to Embracing Cultural Humility, 25 Application of Cultural Humility in Clinical Veterinary Practice, 26 Application of Cultural Humility in the Workplace, 30 Conclusions, 32 References, 33 Chapter D Diversity 35 Cristina Risco and Carlos A. Risco Introduction, 35 Diversity Defined, 36 So What? Why Does Diversity Matter in Veterinary Medicine and Society at Large?, 36 Now What? How Do We Engage With an Increasingly Diverse Clientele and Clinical Workforce in the Interest of Improved Animal Care?, 37 Cultural Humility through Critical Consciousness, 37 Summary, 40 References, 40 Chapter E Emotional Intelligence 41 Joelle A. Murchison What is Emotional Intelligence?, 41 Signs of Emotional Intelligence, 42 Impact of Emotional Intelligence, 42 The Four Es, 43 Exposure, 44 Experience, 44 Education, 44 Empathy, 45 Managing Interactions, 45 Pause, 45 Empathize and Ask, 45 Enhancing Your EI Capability, 46 Working in a Diverse and Inclusive Society, 47 Impact of the COVID- 19 Pandemic, 48 Making the Connection Between EI and Diversity, 49 Affirmative Introspection, 49 Self- Governance, 49 Intercultural Literacy, 50 Social Architecting, 50 The Responsibility in Veterinary Medicine, 50 AVMA Policy on Diversity and Inclusion, 50 Emotional Intelligence and Leadership, 51 Protecting Your Emotional State While Engaging in Patient Care, 51 Summary, 53 References, 53 Chapter F First Nations 55 Evelyn Galban First Nations, 55 Terminology, 56 How to Refer to Native American People, 56 Identity and Recognition, 57 Blood Quantum, 57 Certificate Degree of Indian Blood, 58 Tribal Enrollment, 58 Natives in Education, 58 Natives in Medicine, 58 Indigenous Knowledge in Veterinary Education, 59 Access to Care, 60 Embedded Educational Initiatives, 61 Native American Veterinary Association (NAVA) and Other Allyship Examples, 61 Inclusivity of Native American People in Veterinary Medicine, 61 Orange Shirt Day, 62 Indigenous Peoples’ Day, 62 National Native American Heritage Month, 62 Making Your Physical Space Inviting, 62 Understanding Diverse Cultural Norms, 63 Cultural Sensitivity in Consultation and Collaboration, 63 Representation and Visibility, 63 Scenario: Event Planning and Land Acknowledgment Requests, 64 Better Request Using Knowledge and Understanding, 64 Best Response with Cultural Sensitivity and Engagement, 65 Conclusion, 65 References, 65 Chapter G Gender 67 Erika Lin- Hendel Introduction, 67 Content Warning, 69 Resources, 69 Gender What it is and What it isn’t, 69 Situation: The Veterinary Field Must Actively Support Reproductive Healthcare, 73 Scenario: Institutional Hierarchy Creates Opportunities for Abuse, 74 Scenario: Modeling Consent, Invitation and Communication–Based Culture With Nongendered Assumptions Can Be Powerful Beyond the Immediate Situation, 75 Dedication, 76 Acknowledgments, 76 References, 76 Chapter H Historically Black Colleges and Universities 81 Ruby Perry and Olga Bolden- Tiller Introduction, 81 Impact of the HBCU, 82 Schools and Colleges of Veterinary Medicine: The Origin Story of Land- Grant Institutions (LGIs), 82 African Americans in Veterinary Medicine, 84 Leveraging Partnerships to Develop a More Diverse and Inclusive Veterinary Profession, 88 References, 90 Chapter I Intersectionality 93 Briana D. Jones First, a Walk in My Shoes, 93 What Defines Intersectionality?, 94 Why is Intersectionality Important in Veterinary Medicine?, 96 Applying Intersectionality in Veterinary Establishments and Institutions, 99 References, 101 Chapter J Justice 103 Iran Brown Introduction, 103 Justice and the Wage Gap, 104 Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, 105 The Wage Gap in Professional Tennis, 106 The Wage Gap in Professional Soccer, 107 Federal Law and the Wage Gap, 108 The Wage Gap and Individual Practices, 109 The Wage Gap and Clinical Scenarios, 110 References, 113 Chapter K Kindness 115 Mia Cary Why Kindness?, 115 Kindness Defined, 116 Kindness Impact, 117 Improved Self- Evaluations, 117 Improved Well- being, 117 Increased Self- Esteem and Fulfillment, 118 Cultivating Kindness – The How, 119 Kindness Toolkit, 120 The Time Is Now, 122 Summary and Next Steps, 123 References, 123 Chapter L Listen 125 Kemba L. Marshall Introduction, 125 What They Didn’t Teach in Veterinary School, 125 Turns Out, It Is Not Just Me, 126 Controlling What I Can Control, 127 My Prep Work Before the Classroom Listening Assignment, 129 The Classroom Listening Assignment Begins, 130 What Are Your Beliefs?, 130 What Are Your Customs?, 131 What Are Your Traditions?, 131 What Is Your Life Like?, 132 How Are You Treated in This Country?, 133 What Franklin Taught Me, 133 Lessons Learned, 134 Final Thoughts, 135 References, 135 Chapter M Multiculturalism 137 Odette Doest What’s Culture Got to Do With Veterinary Medicine?, 137 Language and Other Cultural Expressions, 138 A Brief Review of Cultural Literature from Human Medicine, 141 Practical Cultural Veterinary Realities, 142 A Royal Bon Voyage, 144 Putting It All Together in Practice, 145 References, 145 Chapter N Neurodiversity 147 Rob Best Introduction, 147 Neuro- What- Isity?, 148 Neurodiversity in the Workplace, 151 “Best” Practices, 153 Recruiting and Interviewing, 153 Bonus Tips, 154 Neuroinclusive Culture, 155 The Future, 159 Conclusion, 160 References, 161 Chapter O Veterinary Medicine and One Health 163 Sharon L. Deem What is One Health?, 163 Historical Perspective of One Health, 164 Present Momentum, 165 Veterinarians and Veterinary Profession as One Health Practitioners, 166 Personal Examples of Veterinary Medicine in One Health, 167 Bringing One Health and Deai to Your Practice, 168 Conclusion, 168 References, 169 Chapter P Psychological Safety 171 Elizabeth Strand and Chesney Ward Introduction, 171 What is Psychological Safety?, 171 Medical Settings, 173 Power Dynamics, 174 Team Conflict, 176 Mental Health, Well- Being, and Burnout, 176 Case Example, 177 Conclusion, 178 References, 179 Chapter Q Queer 181 Ewan Wolff, Melody Martínez, and Dane Whitaker Introduction (What?), 181 LGBTQ+ History in Veterinary Medicine, 182 Demographics/Facts/Stats, 184 What Does It Mean to Be Queer in Veterinary Medicine? (Now What?), 186 Scenarios, 187 Homophobia Scenario Supervisor, 187 Transphobia Scenario Transition, 187 Definitions and a Clinical Ace/Aro Scenario, 188 Transphobia Scenario, 188 Intersex Discrimination Scenario, 189 Discussion (So What Now?), 189 Conclusion, 190 Acknowledgments, 191 References, 191 Chapter R Representation 193 Indya Woods Representation, 193 Five Practices that Create a More Inclusive Workplace, 196 Increased Diversity and Inclusion at the Executive Level, 196 Examine Your Practice and Commit to Change, 196 Define Your Diversity Priorities Based on What Drives Your Growth, 196 Target Your Diversity Efforts to Local Circumstances, 196 Advocate For Diversity Within The Veterinary Profession, 197 References, 199 Chapter S Systemic 201 Ashlee Canty and Allen Cannedy Introduction, 201 Systemic Applications in Veterinary Medicine, 203 Veterinary Recruitment, 203 Veterinary Admission, 204 Veterinary Retention, 206 Veterinary Financial Support, 207 Systemic Issues in Veterinary Private Practice, 208 Summary, 211 References, 212 Chapter T Tokenism 215 Michael Bailey Introduction, 215 Introduction: What Is Tokenism?, 215 Why Diversify a Homogeneous Organization?, 216 Tokenism Exploits Employees, 217 Tokenism in Patient Engagement, 218 The Toll of Tokenization in Medical Residencies, 218 Tokenism Breeds Imposter Syndrome, 220 Tokenism Cements Stereotypical Views, 222 How the Tokenized Are Set Up to Fail, 222 Adverse Effects of Tokenism Personal and Organization, 223 How to Avoid Tokenism, 223 Ways to Begin Mitigating Tokenism, 224 Conclusion, 225 References, 226 Chapter U Unconscious Bias 229 Harold Davis and Theresa L. Cosper- Roberts Introduction, 229 What is Unconscious Bias?, 229 So What? Why is Unconscious Bias Important to Veterinary Medicine?, 230 Unconscious Bias Has Ramifications on Clinical Decision- Making Process/Patient Care, 231 Unconscious Bias Has Ramifications on Admission to Veterinary Schools and Colleges, 231 Unconscious Bias Has Ramifications in the Workplace, 232 Now What? Identifying and Understanding Unconscious Bias in Our World, 232 Bias in Clinical Decision- Making and Patient Care, 232 Practically Speaking, How Do We Combat Biases?, 233 Practically Speaking, How Do We Combat Biases?, 234 Now What? Addressing Bias in Veterinary School Admissions Processes, 234 Fictional Veterinary Academic Setting Scenario, 234 Now What? Addressing Unconscious Bias in the Workplace, 236 Workplace Bias Scenario 1, 236 Workplace Bias Scenario 2, 238 Bias in an Veterinary Technology Educational Setting Scenario, 239 Now What? Mitigating Your Own Unconscious Bias, 240 Understanding Your Own Unconscious Bias, 240 Acting Like a Camera to Differentiate Observation from Interpretation, 240 Reflecting on How Bias Affect Us, 241 Recognize People That Shape Who We Are, 242 Recognize Sources That Perpetuate Bias, 242 Expanding Your Community and Perspective to Disrupt Bias, 243 Understanding the Impact of Unconscious Bias on Our Lives, 243 References, 244 Chapter V Values 245 James Pritchett Introduction to Values, 245 Values in Action, 245 Values Correlated to DEI, 247 Building Trust in Order to Center Values, 248 Including as an Action That Builds Trust, 248 Catalyzing Change to (Re)Center Values, 249 Appreciation as the Mechanism for Sustaining and Scaling, 251 How Might You Create a Thoughtful Appreciation Strategy?, 251 References, 252 Chapter W Welcoming 253 Monica Dixon Perry The Receptionist/Customer Service Representative (CSR) Team, 255 The Technical Team, 256 The Associate Veterinarian Team, 258 Practical Tips to Create a More Welcoming Experience, 261 Reference, 263 Chapter X Xenacious 265 Tierra Price Introduction, 265 Defining Xenacious, 267 Why is Veterinary Medicine in Need of Change?, 268 The Evolution of Veterinary Medicine, 268 How Do You Know When to Make a Change?, 269 Being Xenacious in Vet Med, 270 Scenario #1, 270 Scenario #2, 272 The Response, 272 A Better Response, 273 An Even Better Response, 273 Conclusion, 273 References, 273 Chapter Y You 275 Kemba L. Marshall Introduction, 275 The State of Vet Med, 276 Leadership is a Choice, Not a Title, 277 Understanding the Dynamics of Conflict, 278 Managing Conflict, 280 What Can You Do Now?, 282 Conclusion, 283 References, 284 Chapter Z Zero- Sum Game 285 Kemba L. Marshall Introduction – “Somebody’s Gotta Win; Somebody’s Gotta Lose”, 285 Implications of Zero- Sum Game Bias, 287 The State of Veterinary Medicine, 289 Mitigating Zero- Sum Bias, 291 Similarity, 291 Expedience, 291 Experience, 292 Distance, 292 Safety, 293 Conclusion, 293 References, 293 Afterword 295 Index 299