Disinformation and Counternarratives in International Security: Cognitive Competition

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Gustavo Díaz Matey (Complutense University of Madrid, Spain) Pablo Moral (National University of Distance Education, Spain)

Disinformation and Counternarratives in International Security

Cognitive Competition

Gustavo Díaz Matey (Complutense University of Madrid, Spain), Pablo Moral (National University of Distance Education, Spain)

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English

Routledge
17 November 2025

International institutions; Theory of warfare & military science; Military intelligence

Series: Routledge Advances in Defence Studies

This book examines the strategic role of weaponized narratives and foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI) in international relations.

It aims to understand how information is used as a tool for power projection and strategic competition, combining theoretical and empirical analyses. The work covers both traditional disinformation and lesser-studied phenomena like information suppression and the psychosocial vulnerabilities that enable manipulation. Through case studies of information campaigns in both wartime and peacetime, it highlights the security challenges posed by these narratives across varying geopolitical tensions. The book bridges realist and constructivist approaches, considering the roles of state and non-state actors, as well as domestic populations and international organizations. With empirical studies of initiatives by NATO, the UN, and the EU, the volume equips readers to address critical questions about the success, influence, and impact of weaponized narratives and the effectiveness of efforts to counter them.

This book will be of much interest to students of information warfare, foreign influence operations, foreign policy, and international relations.

Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Edited by: Gustavo Díaz Matey (Complutense University of Madrid Spain), Pablo Moral (National University of Distance Education, Spain)
Imprint: Routledge
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Dimensions: Height: 234mm, Width: 156mm,
ISBN: 9781041130734
ISBN 10: 1041130732
Series: Routledge Advances in Defence Studies
Pages: 248
Publication Date: 17 November 2025
Audience: College/higher education , Professional and scholarly , A / AS level , Undergraduate
Format: Hardback
Publisher's Status: Active

Introduction Part I: Conceptual Frameworks 1. The Systemic Crises of the Liberal International Order: Fragmented Narratives in a Porcelain System 2. Narratives as Cognitive Weapons: How Societal Vulnerabilities Fuel Foreign Manipulation 3. Conceptualizing Information Suppression: A Distinct Strategy Within Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference Operations 4. (Dis)information is Power: A Look at the Political Communication of how the Digital Revolution Altered the Political and Media Chessboard Part II: Actors and Threats 5. Disinformation in the Russo-Ukrainian Conflict: Narrative architecture, Hybrid Strategy and Global Repercussions 6. Russian Disinformation Campaigns in Western Africa 7. Digital Warfare and Disinformation in the Middle East: Regional Changes and the Struggle for Information Control Part III: International Responses 8. The Battle of the Geopolitical European Union against the Anti-democratic Narratives of External Agents 9. Disinformation, Narratives, and Counter-narratives in the United Nations’ Prevention and Countering of Extremism 10. Cognitive Warfare and Disinformation: A Theoretical Approach and NATO Actions in the Digital Public Sphere

Gustavo Díaz Matey is Professor at Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Pablo Moral is Lecturer at Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.