Dental Implant Complications

List of contributors xiii Foreword xvii Myron Nevins Introduction xix Stuart J. Froum 1 Implant complications: scope of the problem 1 Stuart J. Froum Introduction 1 Etiology 1 Prevention and treatment 6 Acknowledgments 7 References 8 2 Implant complications associated with systemic disorders and medications 10 Louis F. Rose and Brian L. Mealey Introduction 10 Etiology 10 Prevention 24 Treatment 36 Take-home hints 41 References 41 3 Complications of drug prescribing in implant therapy 49 Mea A. Weinberg Introduction 49 Etiology of drug prescribing complications 49 Types of drug and drug prescribing complications 49 Prevention of drug prescribing complications 51 Antibiotic prescribing in dental implant therapy 52 Analgesic prescribing 60 Steroid prescribing 63 Conclusions 63 Take-home hints 64 References 64 4 Complications associated with implant planning: etiology, prevention, and treatment 68 Hans-Peter Weber and Panos Papaspyridakos Introduction 68 Etiology 68 Prevention through careful diagnosis and risk assessment 71 Prevention of complications through careful treatment planning 81 Take-home hints 98 Acknowledgments 98 References 99 5 Implant complications associated with two- and three-dimensional diagnostic imaging technologies 102 Scott D. Ganz Case 1: Complications due to scanographic templates 103 Case 2: Long-term complications due to nerve perforation 104 Case 3: Sinus augmentation complications diagnosed by three-dimensional imaging 109 Case 4: Complications related to improper surgical technique, diagnosis, and free-hand implant placement 118 Case 5: Complications in the mandibular symphysis – related to diagnostic imagery 122 Conclusions 129 Take-home hints 129 References 129 6 Implant fractures: etiology, prevention, and treatment 132 Steven E. Eckert, Thomas J. Salinas, and Kivanç Akça Introduction 132 Incidence 132 Etiology 133 Treatment of the fractured implant 142 Conclusion 142 Take-home hints 143 References 143 7 Implant naturalization: restoring osseointegrated dental implants with damaged platforms and connections 145 Dennis E. Waguespack and Brian C. Butler Introduction 145 Etiology and prevention 145 Etiology 147 Treatment 149 Take-home hints 152 Acknowledgments 152 References 152 8 Implant failure: prevalence, risk factors, management, and prevention 153 J. Kobi Stern, Emily E. Hahn, Cyril I. Evian, Jonathan Waasdorp, and Edwin S. Rosenberg Introduction 153 Definition and classification of implant failure 153 Incidence of implant failures 155 Etiology and risk factors 156 Prevention of implant failures 162 Treatment for implant failure 162 Take-home hints 167 References 167 9 Peri-implantitis: etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy 170 Niklaus P. Lang and Maurizio S. Tonetti Etiology 170 Microbiological aspects 170 Pathogenesis of peri-implant diseases 172 Diagnostic aspects 175 Prevention: prophylactic procedures 178 Treatment: therapeutic strategies 179 Conclusions and clinical implications 183 Take-home hints 184 Acknowledgments 184 References 184 10 Complications related to cemented implant restoration 187 Chandur P.K. Wadhwani Introduction 187 Advantages of the cement-retained implant restoration 187 Problems associated with cemented implant restorations 187 Cementing restorations onto teeth versus implants – why the difference? 188 Etiology 193 Prevention 197 Treatment 201 The future of cement-retained implant restorations 203 Take-home hints 206 Note 207 References 207 11 Esthetic complications due to implant malpositions: etiology, prevention, and treatment 209 Stephen T. Chen and Daniel Buser Introduction 209 Etiology 210 Prevention of implant malposition 217 Treatment of esthetic complications due to implant malposition 223 Conclusions 230 Take-home hints 230 References 231 12 Prosthetic-related dental implant complications: etiology, prevention, and treatment 233 Charles J. Goodacre and Mathew T. Kattadiyil Introduction 233 Etiology and timing of complications and failure 233 Mechanical complications 234 Phonetic complications 245 Esthetic complications 245 Biologic complications attributable to the prosthesis 253 Conclusions 256 Take-home hints 257 References 257 13 The loose implant restoration syndrome 259 Harel Simon Introduction 259 Scenario 1: Loose implant restoration emergency 259 Etiology of the loose implant restoration syndrome 263 Treatment protocol 263 Scenario 2: Loose screw-retained crown 263 Scenario 3: Loose cement-retained posterior crown 269 Scenario 4: Loose cement-retained anterior crown 272 Scenario 5: Loose anterior implant crown: screw-retained or cement-retained? 275 Scenario 6: Loose screw-retained fixed partial denture 280 Treatment considerations 284 Contributing factors and prevention of screw loosening 288 Take-home hints 295 References 295 14 Management of complications associated with single-implant esthetics 298 Oswaldo Scopin de Andrade, Dario Adolfi, Maristela Lobo, and Maurício Contar Adolfi Introduction 298 Possible failures, prevalence, and etiology 299 Targeted strategies for implant success in the esthetic zone 300 Tooth extraction: an important factor in avoiding complications 301 Key elements in implant placement and resolving esthetic complications 302 Case report: step-by-step clinical procedures to resolve an implant complication in the esthetic area 305 Conclusions 312 Take-home hints 313 Acknowledgments 313 References 313 15 Esthetic complications with adjacent implant restorations 316 Dennis P. Tarnow, Sang-Choon Cho, Stephen J. Chu, and Stuart J. Froum Complications 316 Etiology 317 Prevention 318 Treatment 320 Case report 322 Conclusions 326 Take-home hints 330 References 330 16 Complications of autogenous bone grafting 332 Craig M. Misch Introduction 332 Donor sites 332 Recipient site complications: early healing complications 344 Recipient site complications: late healing complications 350 Take-home hints 357 References 358 17 Complications in guided bone regeneration 362 Filippo Fontana, Isabella Rocchietta, and Massimo Simion Introduction 362 Literature review 363 Prevention of complications: surgical technique 364 Clinical management of GBR complications 370 Conclusions 379 Take-home hints 380 References 380 18 Avoiding complications of alveolar segmental osteoperiosteal flaps 383 Ole T. Jensen Alveolar distraction osteogenesis 383 Sandwich osteotomy 386 Alveolar width distraction 388 Island osteoperiosteal flap 390 Book bone flap 392 Major orthognathic distraction procedures 393 Summary 395 Take-home hints 395 References 395 19 Complications in lateral window sinus elevation surgery 396 Stephen S. Wallace and Tiziano Testori Introduction 396 Intraoperative complications 396 Take-home hints 399 Take-home hints 413 Postoperative complications 413 Take-home hints 421 Conclusion 423 References 424 20 Complications with transcrestal sinus floor elevation: etiology, prevention, and treatment 427 Michael Toffler and Paul S. Rosen Incidence 427 Etiology 430 Prevention 437 Management 445 Take-home hints 450 References 451 21 Implant complications related to immediate implant placement into extraction sites 457 Barry D. Wagenberg and Stuart J. Froum Introduction 457 Etiology and prevention 457 Immediate tooth replacement (non-occlusally loaded) at the time of extraction of the natural tooth 463 Procedures to prevent failure using the immediate implant placement protocol with a non-loading provisional 467 Treatment of maxillary molars with the IIP protocol 468 Treatment of mandibular molars 470 Prevention 474 Treatment of complications 478 Take-home hints 479 References 479 22 Complications associated with flapless surgery 481 Thomas G. Wilson, Jr. Introduction 481 Definition of flapless surgery 481 Goals of therapy 481 Etiology 481 Prevention 482 Treatment 490 Summary 493 Take-home hints 493 Potential conflicts of interest 493 References 493 23 Complications related to immediately loaded dental implants 495 Jeffrey Ganeles and David Grossberg Failure to achieve osseointegration 495 Surgical complications related to immediate loading 499 Esthetic complications 502 Implant malposition 511 Restorative complications 513 Guided surgery and prefabricated restorations 518 Summary 532 Take-home hints 532 References 533 24 Prosthodontic complications related to non-optimal dental implant placement 539 Lyndon F. Cooper Introduction 539 Etiology 540 Implant location 541 Prevention 547 Treatment 553 Take-home hints 557 References 557 25 Prosthodontic management of malpositioned implants and implant occlusion complications 559 Avinash S. Bidra Introduction 559 Etiology of malpositioned implants 559 Prevention 562 Treatment 563 Etiologies of implant occlusion complications 565 Prevention of implant occlusion complications 566 Treatment 568 Conclusion 569 Take-home hints 570 References 570 26 Craniofacial growth in adults and its implications for implant reconstruction 572 Fereidoun Daftary, Ramin Mahallati, Oded Bahat, and Richard M. Sullivan Introduction 572 Etiology 573 Prevention and treatment 575 Take-home hints 583 References 583 27 Implant complications encountered during maintenance therapy 585 Paul S. Rosen, Stuart J. Froum, Scott H. Froum, and Chris Salierno Introduction 585 Diagnosis 585 Prevention 587 Treatment 594 Take-home hints 597 References 597 28 Medicolegal issues related to implant complications 600 Edwin J. Zinman Etiology of malpractice litigation 600 Etiology of implant-related legal claims 603 Take-home hints 616 References 617 Appendix 28.1: Example of an informed consent form 620 Appendix 28.2: Release of liability form 625 29 Management of implant complications by the experts (part 1) 626 Introduction 626 Case 1: Treatment of midbuccal recession in the esthetic zone 627 Pamela K. McClain Case 2: Treatment of buccal soft tissue recession on a restored central incisor implant 629 Jeffrey R. Lemler Case 3: Repair of failed esthetic implant case 632 Bobby Butler Case 4: Treatment of an osseous defect associated with an immediately placed implant 635 Donald S. Clem Case 5: Treatment of bone loss from an acute abscess around a dental implant 639 Bradley S. McAllister Case 6: Replacement of a failed implant in the esthetic zone 643 Abd Elsalam Elaskary Case 7: Treatment and replacement of a malpositioned implant in the esthetic zone 646 Scott H. Froum Case 8: Corrective treatment for a malpositioned implant in the esthetic zone 653 J. Daulton Keith Case 9: Treatment of implant malposition in the esthetic zone 658 Burton Langer and Laureen Langer Case 10: Treatment of a malpositioned implant in the esthetic zone 661 Stuart J. Froum and Jeffrey R. Lemler 30 Management of implant complications by the experts (part 2) 666 Case 1: Long-term retention of a “hopeless” implant 666 Kirk Pasquinelli Case 2: Treatment of implant malposition in the esthetic zone 671 Burton Langer and Laureen Langer Case 3: Examples of esthetic implant complications – soft tissue repairs 676 Bobby Butler Case 4: Treatment of peri-implantitis due to residual cement around an implant 681 Pamela K. McClain Case 5: The importance of occlusion in success of implant-supported restorations 685 Farhad Vahidi Case 6: Nonsyndromic oligodontia interdisciplinary approach: challenges and possible complications 688 Farhad Vahidi Case 7: Successful replacement of a failed dental implant: 5-year follow-up 692 William Becker Case 8: Management of a failed implant in the esthetic zone 695 Donald S. Clem Index 701