CORRADO TORNIMBENI is Professor of African History and Institutions at the Department of Political and Social Sciences of the University of Bologna, Italy. TIMOTHY SCARNECCHIA is Professor of History at Kent State University, USA. CORRADO TORNIMBENI is Professor of African History and Institutions at the Department of Political and Social Sciences of the University of Bologna, Italy. TIMOTHY SCARNECCHIA is Professor of History at Kent State University, USA. V. Adefemi Isumonah is a Professor of Political Science and former Head of Department, University of Ibadan. He is co-author of Confronting Islamist Terrorism in Africa: The Cases of Nigeria and Kenya and Federal Presence in Nigeria: The Sung and Unsung Basis for Ethnic Grievance.