Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials

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Mark Elwood (Professor of Cancer Epidemiology, Professor of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Auckland, New Zealand)

Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials

Mark Elwood (Professor of Cancer Epidemiology, Professor of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Auckland, New Zealand)

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English

Oxford University Press
16 March 2017

Clinical trials; Epidemiology & medical statistics; Health systems & services

Since publication of the first three editions of this hugely successful book, systematic methods of critical appraisal have been accepted as central to healthcare provision, both in critical applications and in a wider health services and community perspective. This new edition builds on the work of the previous editions by presenting a fully updated and accessible system of critical appraisal applicable to clinical, epidemiological, and public health studies, and related fields.

The book outlines the systematic review process for the establishment of causal effect within single and multiple studies. Focusing primarily on study design, it covers randomized and non-randomized trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and surveys, showing the presentation of results including person-time and survival analysis, and issues in the selection of subjects. It then describes the process of detection and assessment of selection biases, observation bias, confounding, chance variation, and how to determine internal validity and external validity (generalizability). Statistical methods are presented in an accessible way, illustrating applications to each study design. Positive features of causation including strength, dose-response, and consistency are also discussed. The final chapters provide six examples of critical appraisals of major studies, encompassing randomized trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and case-control studies. Statistical issues are explained clearly without complex mathematics, and the most useful methods are summarized in the appendix, each with a worked example. Each main chapter includes self-test questions, with answers provided, making the book ideally suited to readers with no prior epidemiological or statistical knowledge.

Developed over four editions, Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials is an invaluable aid to the effective assessment of new studies in epidemiology, public health, research methods, evidence-based methods, clinical medicine, and environmental health; making it essential reading for postgraduates, practitioners, and policymakers in these fields.

By: Mark Elwood (Professor of Cancer Epidemiology Professor of Cancer Epidemiology University of Auckland New Zealand)
Imprint: Oxford University Press
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Edition: 4th Revised edition
Dimensions: Height: 234mm, Width: 156mm, Spine: 28mm
Weight: 752g
ISBN: 9780199682898
ISBN 10: 0199682895
Pages: 498
Publication Date: 16 March 2017
Audience: College/higher education , Professional and scholarly , Further / Higher Education , Undergraduate
Format: Paperback
Publisher's Status: Active

Mark Elwood studied medicine in the UK and epidemiology and public health in the US and Canada. He has been a Professor of epidemiology in Nottingham, England, Vancouver, Canada, Melbourne, Australia, and Dunedin and Auckland in New Zealand. His contributions have been in cancer aetiology, prevention and early diagnosis, but include studies of birth defects, health care outcomes, and many clinical topics. He first produced this text in 1988 and has used it and its developments in teaching his evidence based approach to clinical appraisal to health practitioners, health managers, and postgraduate and undergraduate students.

Reviews for Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials

Review from previous edition The premise of the book is laudable in that critical thinking and evaluations of peer-reviewed literature is imperative in the training of public health and clinical researchers. In general, the book lays a foundation, establishes the issues of bias and bias control, and provides a framework for evaluation with examples. Doody's Notes