Dr. Lale Khorramdel is the Research Director for Digital Assessments at the TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College, USA. She specializes in psychometrics, applied statistics, and international large-scale assessment methodologies, leading digital assessment innovations, and research on test-taking behavior and process data. Previously at ETS, she worked on PISA and PIAAC. Dr. Matthias von Davier is the J. Donald Monan, S.J., University Professor in Education and Executive Director of the TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center at Boston College, USA. He specializes in psychometric models for complex data, diagnostic methods, and large-scale educational surveys. His research spans testing, skill assessments, literacy surveys, and computational statistics. Dr. Kentaro Yamamoto, former deputy director for global assessments and principal researcher at ETS, served as technical advisor for the OECD and US Dept. of Education. He designed and analyzed NAEP, NALS, TIMMS, PISA, IALS, ALL, and PIAAC, introduced computer‑based and adaptive testing, and developed hybrid models for diagnostic testing and IRT scaling in these programs.