COMPUTATIONAL GEOMECHANICS
The new edition of the first book to cover the computational dynamic aspects of geomechanics, now including more practical applications and up-to-date coverage of current research in the field
Advances in computational geomechanics have dramatically improved understanding of the behavior of soils and the ability of engineers to design increasingly sophisticated constructions in the ground. When Professor Olek Zienkiewicz began the application of numerical approaches to solid dynamics at Swansea University, it became evident that realistic prediction of the behavior of soil masses could only be achieved if the total stress approaches were abandoned. Computational Geomechanics introduces the theory and application of Zienkiewicz’s computational approaches that remain the basis for work in the area of saturated and unsaturated soil to this day.
Written by past students and colleagues of Professor Zienkiewicz, this extended Second Edition provides formulations for a broader range of problems, including failure load under static loading, saturated and unsaturated consolidation, hydraulic fracturing, and liquefaction of soil under earthquake loading. The internationally-recognized team of authors incorporates current computer technologies and new developments in the field, particularly in the area of partial saturation, as they guide readers on how to properly apply the formulation in their work. This one-of-a-kind volume:
Explains the Biot-Zienkiewicz formulation for saturated and unsaturated soil Covers multiple applications to static and dynamic problems for saturated and unsaturated soil in areas such as earthquake engineering and fracturing of soils and rocks Features a completely new chapter on fast catastrophic landslides using depth integrated equations and smoothed particle hydrodynamics with applications Presents the theory of porous media in the saturated and unsaturated states to establish the foundation of the problem of soil mechanics Provides a quantitative description of soil behavior including simple plasticity models, generalized plasticity, and critical state soil mechanics Includes numerous questions, problems, hands-on experiments, applications to other situations, and example code for GeHoMadrid
Computational Geomechanics: Theory and Applications, Second Edition is an ideal textbook for specialist and general geotechnical postgraduate courses, and a must-have reference for researchers in geomechanics and geotechnical engineering, for software developers and users of geotechnical finite element software, and for geotechnical analysts and engineers making use of the numerical results obtained from the Biot-Zienkiewicz formulation.
Preface 1 Introduction and the Concept of Effective Stress 1.1 PRELIMINARY REMARKS 1.2 THE NATURE OF SOILS AND OTHER POROUS MEDIA: WHY A FULL DEFORMATION ANALYSIS IS THE ONLY VIABLE APPROACH FOR PREDICTION 1.3 CONCEPTS OF EFFECTIVE STRESS IN SATURATED OR PARTIALLY SATURATED MEDIA REFERENCES 16 2 Equations Governing the Dynamic, Soil–Pore Fluid, Interaction 2.1 GENERAL REMARKS ON THE PRESENTATION 2.2 FULLY SATURATED BEHAVIOUR WITH A SINGLE PORE FLUID (WATER) 2.3 PARTIALLY SATURATED BEHAVIOUR WITH AIR PRESSURE NEGLECTED (pa = 0) 2.4 PARTIALLY SATURATED BEHAVIOUR WITH AIR FLOW CONSIDERED (pa ≥ 0) 2.5 ALTERNATIVE DERIVATION OF THE GOVERNING EQUATION (OF SECTION 2.2–2.4) BASED ON THE HYBRID MIXTURE THEORY 2.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS REFERENCES 40 3 Finite Element Discretization and Solution of the Governing Equations 3.1 THE PROCEDURE OF DISCRETIZATION BY THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD 3.2 u-p DISCRETIZATION FOR A GENERAL GEOMECHANICS FINITE ELEMENT CODE 3.3 THEORY: TENSORIAL FORM OF THE EQUATIONS 3.4 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 25 4 Constitutive Relations – Plasticity 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 THE GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF PLASTICITY 4.3 CRITICAL STATE MODELS 4.4 GENERALIZED PLASTICITY MODELLING 4.5 ALTERNATIVE ADVANCED MODELS 4.6 CLOSURE REFERENCES 138 5 Some Special Aspects of Analysis and Formulation: Radiation Boundaries, Adaptive Finite Element Requirement and Incompressible Behaviour 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 FAR FIELD SOLUTIONS IN QUASI-STATIC PROBLEMS 5.3 INPUT FOR EARTHQUAKE ANALYSIS AND RADIATION BOUNDARY 5.4 ADAPTIVE REFINEMENT FOR IMPROVED ACCURACY AND THE CAPTURE OF LOCALIZED PHENOMENA 5.5 REGULARIZATION THRUOGH GRADIENT DEPENDENT PLASTICITY 5.6 STABILIZATION OF COMPUTATION FOR NEARLY INCOMPRESSIBLE BEHAVIOUR WITH MIXED INTERPOLATION 5.7 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 60 6 Examples for Static, Consolidation and Hydraulic Fracturing Problems 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 STATIC PROBLEMS 6.3 SEEPAGE 6.4 CONSOLIDATION 6.5 HYDRAULIC FRACTURING: FRACTURE IN A FULLY SATURATED POROUS MEDIUM DRIVEN BY INCREASE IN PORE FLUID PRESSURE 6.6 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 59 7 Validation of Prediction by Centrifuge 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 SCALING LAWS OF CNTRIFUGE MODELLING 7.3 CENTRIFUGE TEST OF A DYKE SIMILAR TO A PROTOTYPE RETAINING DYKE IN VENEZUELA 7.4 THE VELACS PROJECT 7.5 COMPARISON WITH THE VELACS CENTRIFUGE EXPERIMENT 7.6 CENTRIFUGE TEST OF A RETAING WALL 7.7 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 26 8 Applications to unsaturated problems 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.2 ISOTHERMAL DRAINAGE OF WATER FROM A VERTICAL COLUMN OF SAND 8.3 AIR STORAGE MODELLING IN AN AQUIFER 8.4 COMPARISON OF CONSOLIDATION AND DYNAMIC RESULTS BETWEEN SMALL STRAIN AND FINITE DEFORMATION FORMULATION 8.5 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS WITH A FULL TWO PHASE FLOW SOLUTION OF A PARTIALLY SATURATED SOIL COLUMN SUBJECTED TO A STEP LOAD 8.6 COMPACTION AND LAND SUBSIDENCE ANALYSIS RELATED TO THE EXPLOITATION OF GAS RESERVOIRS 8.7 INITIATION OF LANDSLIDE IN PARTIALLY SATURATED SOIL 8.8 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 44 9 Prediction Application and Back Analysis to Earthquake Engineering – Basic Concepts, Seismic Input, Frequency and Time Domain Analysis 9.1 INTRODUCTION 9.2 MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL 9.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF EQUIVALENT LINEAR METHOD 9.4 PORT ISLAND LIQUEFACTION ASSESSMENT USING THE CYCLE-VISE EQUIVALENT LINEAR METHOD 9.5 PORT ISLAND LIQUEFACTION USING ONE COLUMN NONLINEAR ANALYSIS IN MULTIDIRECTION 9.6 SIMULATION OF LIQUEFACTION BEHAVIOUR DURING NIIGATA EARTHQUAKE TO ILLUSTRATE THE EFFECT OF INITIAL SHEAR STRESS 9.7 LARGE SCALE LIQUEFACTION EXPERIMENT USING THREE DIMENSIONL NONLINEAR ANALYSIS 9.8 LOWER SAN FERNANDO DAM FAILURE REFERENCES 44 10 Beyond Failure. Modelling of Fluidized Geomaterials: Fast Catastrophic Landslides 10.1 INTRODUCTION 10.2 MATHEMATICAL MODEL: A HIERARCHICAL SET OF MODELS FOR THE COUPLED BEHAVIOUR OF FLUIDIZED GEOMATERIALS 10.3 BEHAVIOUR OF FLUIDIZED SOILS: RHEOLOGICAL MODELLING ALTERNATIVES 10.4 NUMERICAL MODELLING: 2 PHASE DEPTH INTEGRATED COUPLED MODELS 10.5 EXAMPLES AND APPLICATIONS 10.6 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 48 (500)
Andrew H. C. Chan, Professor and Head of School Engineering, University of Tasmania, Australia. Manuel Pastor, Professor at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, ETS de Ingenieros de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica Madrid (UPM), Spain, formerly at Centro de Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas (CEDEX). Bernhard A. Schrefler, Professor Emeritus, University of Padua, Italy. Tadahiko Shiomi, Engineering Director, 3D-Lab, MIND Inc., Tokyo, Japan. O. C. Zienkiewicz (deceased), former Professor Emeritus and Head of the Department of Civil Engineering, Swansea University, UK.
