Compact Plasma and Focused Ion Beams

IntroductionPlasma Particle Interactions Some Basic Plasma Properties Criterion for the Definition of a Plasma Different Types of Plasmas Description of Plasmas Theoretical Approaches Microwave-Generated Plasmas Compact Microwave Plasma Sources Research Objective and Methods References Review of the Cutoff ProblemA Brief History of Earlier Work Microwave Propagation in Waveguides Plasma Density Cutoff References Plasma and Wave DiagnosticsPlasma Diagnostics with Langmuir’s Probes Design of Electromagnetic Probes References Genesis of a Wave Induced Discharge: A New PerspectiveIntroduction Historical Development of Breakdown Studies Modeling of the Electron Dynamics Development of the General Algorithm Field-Free Case: Three-Dimensional Random Walk Electron Transport in the Presence of an EM Field Magnetostatically Assisted Electron Transport in the Presence of an EM Field Electric Field Effects and the Random Walk Parameter Linear and Circularly Polarized Waves Summary and Conclusion References Plasma Production in Continuous-Mode Microwaves: Near-Circular MulticuspIntroduction Apparatus Multicusp Design Waveguide Design Experimental Results Spatial Profiles of the Plasma Discussion Conclusions References Plasma Production in Continuous-Mode Microwaves: Rectangular Nonmulticusp WaveguideIntroduction Experimental Procedures Experimental Results Discussion Conclusions References Comparison of Square and Near-Circular Multicusp WaveguidesIntroduction Waveguide Design Experimental Results Discussion Conclusions Summary of Experimental Results in Continuous-Mode Microwaves Summary of the Plasma Production Mechanisms References Plasma Production in Pulsed-Mode Microwaves: General ExperimentIntroduction Apparatus and Methods of the Experiment in a Circular Waveguide with a Dimension below Cutoff Some Additional Details of the Experimental Set-Up Probe for Measuring the Electric Field Experimental Results Discussion Conclusions References Plasma Production in Pulsed-Mode Microwaves: Circular Multicusp Waveguide with a Dimension below CutoffIntroduction Experimental Setup and Procedures Experimental Results Discussion Conclusions References Plasma Buildup by Short-Pulse, High-Power MicrowavesIntroduction Experiments Discussion Conclusion References Power Absorption and Intense Collimated Beam Production in a Pulsed High-Power Microwave Ion SourceIntroduction Ion Source Design and Experimental Setup Experimental Results Discussion Conclusions Summary in Pulsed Microwaves References New Experiments in Continuous-Mode Microwaves: Formation of Standing Waves and Electron TrappingOverview of the New Experimental System Introduction Spatial Plasma Characteristics Axial Wave Field Intensity Measurements Electron Trapping in SW Minima Model Calculation Summary and Discussion References Penetration and Screening of Perpendicularly Launched Electromagnetic WavesIntroduction Experimental Setup Experimental Observation Modeling Modeling Results Discussion and Summary References Wave Birefringence in Perpendicular PropagationIntroduction Polar Plasma Characteristics Polar Wave Field Intensity Measurements Modeling of the Wave Birefringence Discussion and Summary References Electron Localization and Trapping Physics RevisitedIntroduction Experimental Setup Experimental Results Modeling Modeling Results Summary and Discussion References New Experiments in Pulsed Microwaves: Quasisteady-State Interpulse PlasmasIntroduction Experiment Experimental Results Model Calculation Discussion and Conclusion References Electron Plasma Waves Inside Large-Amplitude Electromagnetic PulsesIntroduction Experimental Setup Experimental Results Time–Frequency Analysis Model Summary References Transition from Interpulse to Afterglow PlasmasIntroduction Experimental Setup Results Summary References Introduction to Focused Ion BeamsFocused Ion Beams References Experimental Setup for Basic Plasma StudiesIntroduction Basic Plasma Experiments Measurement of Plasma Parameters Sub-Cutoff Dimensional Plasma Sources Conclusion References Basic Beam Studies: Extraction and Ion Energy DistributionIntroduction Experiment Results and Discussion Conclusion References Multielement Focused Ion BeamIntroduction Beam Column of MEFIB Beam Simulation Codes Results and Discussion Tolerance Studies Conclusion References Focused Ion Beam ExperimentsIntroduction Results and Discussion Conclusion References Summary and Future Prospects Index