Marcello Barbieri is retired professor of Embryology at the University of Ferrara, Italy. He has conducted research on embryonic development and ribosome crystallization at the Medical Research Council in Cambridge UK, the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda USA, and the Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik in Berlin. He has been the founder and first editor-in-chief of the Springer journal Biosemiotics, a position from which he resigned in order to found the new research field of Code Biology.