Past climate fluctuations significantly shaped human ways of life. This Element reconstructs the Southern Levant climate (ca. 1300–300 BCE) using high-resolution, well-dated paleoclimate records. Results show a 150-year arid phase ending the Late Bronze Age, likely driving the collapse of eastern Mediterranean complex societies. The Iron Age I saw a return to humid climate conditions, fostering highland settlement expansion and supporting the rise of the biblical kingdoms. This was one of the region's most profound cycles of collapse and revival. During Iron Age II, climate conditions were moderate, similar to today. The Achaemenid period began with brief aridity, followed by renewed humidity. Pollen evidence, along with additional data such as charcoal remains, was employed to trace environmental changes, including variations in the composition of natural vegetation. Human impacts on the environment were also identified, including fruit tree cultivation, deforestation, overgrazing, the introduction of new plant species, and landscape terracing.
By:
Dafna Langgut (Tel-Aviv University) Imprint: Cambridge University Press Country of Publication: United Kingdom Weight: 281g ISBN:9781009558327 ISBN 10: 1009558323 Series:Elements in The Archaeology of Ancient Israel Pages: 98 Publication Date:21 May 2026 Audience:
General/trade
,
ELT Advanced
Format:Hardback Publisher's Status: Active
1. Climate and environmental reconstruction; 2. Climate history; 3. Environment; 4. Epilogue: interactions between climate, environment, and humans; References.