Child and Adolescent Therapy

Preface: The Therapist’s Challenge xi Acknowledgments xiii Part I The Tools Of The Therapist 1 Therapy Fundamentals 3 The Therapeutic Orientation Toward Clients 4 Getting Started 8 Basic Child Therapy Skills 13 Overcoming Obstacles to Client Engagement 25 Simple Therapeutic Interventions 33 Therapeutic Collaborations 37 Termination 39 Summary 41 2 Behavior Therapy 43 Learning Theory 44 Assessment and Case Formulation 50 Change Processes 54 Outcome Research 55 The Therapist’s Style 58 Exposure 59 Contingency Contracting 60 Relaxation Training 67 Social Skills Training 69 Summary 73 3 Cognitive Therapy 75 Cognitive Theory 76 Assessment and Case Formulation 82 Change Processes 86 Outcome Research 87 The Therapist’s Style 89 Self-Monitoring 91 Self-Instruction 93 Self-Reinforcement 94 Socratic Questioning 96 Cognitive Restructuring 98 Tests of Evidence 100 Personal Experiments 103 Using Spectra to Develop Moderation 104 Summary 108 4 Mindfulness-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies 110 Mindfulness and Psychotherapy 111 What Causes Mental Health Problems? 115 Assessment and Case Formulation 117 Change Processes 121 Outcome Research 124 The Therapist’s Style 127 Mindfulness Training Exercises 128 Implementation of Dialectical Behavior Therapy 132 Implementation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy 141 Summary 147 5 Psychodynamic Therapy 149 Psychoanalytic Theory 150 Assessment and Case Formulation 161 Change Processes 163 Outcome Research 168 The Therapist’s Style 170 Facilitating Expression of Material 171 Interpretation and Insight 172 Dynamic Psychoeducation 176 Corrective Emotional Experience 179 Summary 181 6 Constructivism: Solution-Focused and Narrative Therapy 184 Postmodernism and the Social Construction of Reality 185 Assessment and Case Formulation 189 Change Processes 192 Outcome Research 196 The Therapist’s Style 198 Solution-Focused Techniques 199 Narrative Therapy Techniques 208 Summary 215 7 Family Systems Therapy 218 Systems Theory 219 Assessment and Case Formulation 227 Change Processes 230 Outcome Research 233 The Therapist’s Style 234 Combining Family and Individual Modalities 235 Facilitating Communication 235 Systemic Insight 237 Reframing 238 Treating Enmeshment and Disengagement 242 Therapist Directives 243 Treating Positive Feedback Loops 245 Summary 250 8 Atheoretical and Transtheoretical Techniques 253 Miscellaneous Techniques 254 Parent Counseling 259 Balance Between Extremes 261 Psychoeducation 265 Values in Psychotherapy 272 Incorporating Experiences Into New Structures of Meaning 277 Overcoming Fear of Failure 288 Summary 293 Part II The Needs Of Clients 9 Cultural Factors in Therapy 297 The Role of Culture in Psychotherapy 298 Assessment and Case Formulation 307 The Therapist’s Style 314 Connecting the Cultures of Therapy and Client 315 Conflicts Between Client Cultures and the Predominant Culture 318 Addressing Prejudice and Discrimination 319 Culturally Specific Adaptations of Therapeutic Approaches 320 Bringing Spirituality Into Therapy 321 Summary 324 10 Disruptive Behavior in Children 326 Diagnoses Treated in This Chapter 327 Clinical Presentation and Etiology 327 Assessment 332 Treatment Planning 333 Behavioral-Systemic Parent Training 339 Collaborative Problem Solving 352 Individual CBT With the Child 355 Psychodynamic Therapy 358 Summary 359 11 Disruptive Behavior in Adolescents 362 Diagnoses Treated in This Chapter 363 Clinical Presentation and Etiology 363 Assessment 369 Treatment Planning 370 Behavioral-Systemic Therapy 374 Psychodynamic Therapy 391 Parent Counseling 393 Summary 394 12 Aggression and Violence 396 Diagnoses Treated in This Chapter 397 Clinical Presentation and Etiology 397 Assessment 402 Treatment Planning 403 Addressing Decisions About Fighting 406 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 410 Psychodynamic Therapy 426 Systems-Oriented Intervention 427 Summary 428 13 Anxiety 430 Diagnoses Treated in This Chapter 431 Clinical Presentation and Etiology 432 Assessment 438 Treatment Planning 440 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 443 Psychodynamic Therapy 453 Parent-Child Work 458 Summary 461 14 Depression 463 Diagnoses Treated in This Chapter 464 Clinical Presentation and Etiology 465 Assessment 471 Treatment Planning 472 Special Topic: Suicide Risk 476 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 479 Psychodynamic Therapy 489 Systemic Intervention 493 Summary 494 15 Stress and Trauma 497 Diagnoses Treated in This Chapter 498 Clinical Presentation and Etiology 498 Assessment 504 Treatment Planning 506 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 509 Coaching Clients in Coping 515 Psychodynamic Therapy 518 Constructivist Therapy 518 Systems-Oriented Intervention 519 Therapy for Parental Divorce 520 Therapy for Bereavement 522 Therapy for Sexual Abuse 525 Summary 530 Afterword: The Therapist’s Experience 533 References 537 Author Index 613 Subject Index 635