The author was born and educated in England, graduating from Downing College, Cambridge. He then moved to Canada where he had a 30 year career with BNR/Nortel Networks. In the course of this career he worked on many different aspects of the design of real time electronic control systems with billions of components. He became interested in applying the techniques for designing complex systems to understanding the brain, and his first book on this topic was published in 1990. Later, he took early retirement from Nortel to work full time on understanding the brain. He lives in Vancouver, Canada but for many years has carried out research and teaching in association with the Australian National University.