Biosensors Nanotechnology

Preface xv Part 1: New Materials and Methods 1 1 ZnO and Graphene Microelectrode Applications in Biosensing 3 Susana Campuzano, María Pedrero, Georgia-Paraskevi Nikoleli, José M. Pingarron, Dimitrios P. Nikolelis, Nikolaos Tzamtzis and Vasillios N. Psychoyios 1.1 Biosensors Based on Nanostructured Materials 4 1.2 Graphene Nanomaterials Used in ElectrochemicalBiosensor Fabrication 5 1.3 ZnO Nanostructures Used in the Fabrication of Electrochemical Biosensors 7 1.4 Miniaturized Graphene and ZnO Nanostructured Electrochemical Biosensors for Food and Clinical Applications 10 1.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 30 Acknowledgements 32 References 32 2 Assembly of Polymers/Metal Nanoparticles and Their Applications as Medical Devices 37 Magdalena Stevanovic 2.1 Introduction 38 2.2 Platinum Nanoparticles 40 2.3 Gold Nanoparticles 41 2.4 Silver Nanoparticles 44 2.5 Assembly of Polymers/Silver Nanoparticles 45 2.6 Conclusion 51 Acknowledgements 51 References 52 3 Gold Nanoparticle-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Medical Applications 63 Ülkü Anik 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 Gold Nanoparticles 64 3.3 Conclusion 76 References 76 4 Impedimetric DNA Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials 81 Manel del Valle and Alessandra Bonanni 4.1 Introduction 82 4.2 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Genosensing 85 4.3 Nanostructured Carbon Used in Impedimetric Genosensors 91 4.4 Nanostructured Gold Used in Impedimetric Genosensors 97 4.5 Quantum Dots for Impedimetric Genosensing 100 4.6 Impedimetric Genosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnosis 101 4.7 Conclusions (Past, Present and Future Perspectives) 102 Acknowledgements 104 References 104 5 Graphene: Insights of its Application in Electrochemical Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring 111 G.A. Álvarez-Romero, G. Alarcon-Angeles and A. Merkoçi 5.1 Introduction 112 5.2 Environmental Applications of Graphene-based Biosensors 117 5.3 Conclusions and Perspectives 133 References 134 6 Functional Nanomaterials for Multifarious Nanomedicine 141 Ravindra P. Singh, Jeong-Woo Choi, Ashutosh Tiwari and Avinash Chand Pandey 6.1 Introduction 142 6.2 Nanoparticle Coatings 145 6.3 Cyclic Peptides 147 6.4 Dendrimers 149 6.5 Fullerenes/Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene 156 6.6 Functional Drug Carriers 157 6.7 MRI Scanning Nanoparticles 162 6.8 Nanoemulsions 165 6.9 Nanofibers 166 6.10 Nanoshells 169 6.11 Quantum Dots 171 6.12 Nanoimaging 179 6.13 Inorganic Nanoparticles 180 6.14 Conclusions 182 Acknowledgement 183 References 183 Part 2: Principals and Prospective 199 7 Computational Nanochemistry Study of the Molecular Structure, Spectra and Chemical Reactivity Properties of the BFPF Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore 201 Daniel Glossman-Mitnik 7.1 Introduction 201 7.2 Theory and Computational Details 202 7.3 Results and Discussion 206 7.4 Conclusions 233 Acknowledgements 234 References 234 8 Biosynthesis of etal Nanoparticles and Their Applications 239 Meryam Sardar, Abhijeet Mishra and Razi Ahmad 8.1 Introduction 240 8.2 Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles 241 8.3 Applications 253 8.4 Conclusions 255 Acknowledgement 256 References 257 9 Ionic Discotic Liquid Crystals: Recent Advances and Applications 267 Santanu Kumar Pal and Sandeep Kumar 9.1 Introduction 268 9.2 Part I: Chromonic LCs 271 9.3 Part II: Thermotropic Ionic Discotic Liquid Crystals 282 Acknowledgement 309 References 309 10 Role of Advanced Materials as Nanosensors in Water Treatment 315 Sheenam Thatai, Parul Khurana and Dinesh Kumar 10.1 Introduction 315 10.2 Nanoparticles 318 10.3 Different Fabrication Methods of Nanoparticles 319 10.4 Core Material/Nanofillers 321 10.5 Shell Material/Nanomatrix 324 10.6 Core-Shell Material 326 10.7 Properties of Metal Nanoparticles and Core-Shell Nanocomposites 330 10.8 Detection of Heavy Metals Using Smart Core-Shell Nanocomposites 333 10.9 Conclusions 337 Acknowledgement 337 References 338 Part 3: Advanced Structures and Properties 345 11 Application of Bioconjugated Nanoporous Gold Films in Electrochemical Biosensors 347 Leila Kashefi-Kheyrabadi, Abolhassan Noori and Masoud Ayatollahi Mehrgardi 11.1 Introduction 348 11.2 Fabrication of Nanoporous Gold 349 11.3 Nucleic Acids (NAs)-Based Biosensors 351 11.4 Protein-Nanostructured Gold Bioconjugates in Biosensing 356 11.5 Conclusion 369 References 369 12 Combination of Molecular Imprinting and Nanotechnology: Beginning of a New Horizon 375 Rashmi Madhuri, Ekta Roy, Kritika Gupta and Prashant K. Sharma 12.1 Introduction 376 12.2 Classification of Imprinted Nanomaterials 383 12.3 Imprinted Materials at Nanoscale 421 12.4 Conclusions and Future Outlook 427 Acknowledgements 428 References 428 13 Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Pure and Substituted BiFeO3 Multiferroics 433 S. Jangid, S. K. Barbar and M. Roy 13.1 Introduction 434 13.2 Synthesis of Materials 446 13.3 Structural and Morphological Analyses 454 13.4 Electrical Properties 467 13.5 Magnetic Properties 476 13.6 Thermal Analysis (MDSC Studies) 489 13.7 Summary and Conclusion 496 References 498 14 Synthesis, Characterization and Rietveld Studies of Sr-modified PZT Ceramics 507 Kumar Brajesh, A.K. Himanshu and N.K. Singh 14.1 Introduction 508 14.2 Experiment 509 14.3 Rietveld Refinement Details 510 14.4 Results and Discussion 511 14.5 Conclusions 521 References 521 Index 523