Automated Lighting

"Acknowledgements Preface Section 1: Introduction Chapter 1 Stage Lighting in the Third Millennium Stage lighting Technology Wait, What Just Happened? Chapter 2 Foundations The Genesis of the Automated Lighting Industry Synchronicity ""If We Can Make It Change Color . . ."" The Black Hole For Sale: Automated Lighting Sue Me, Sue You Blues The Future of Stage Lighting Chapter 3 Stage Lighting Systems Overview Systems Overview Rigging Systems Aluminum Structures Theatrical Rigging Rigging Hardware Power Distribution Systems The Supply Disconnect Switch Feeder Cable Distribution Panels and Portable Power Distribution Units (PPDUs) Overcurrent Protection Dimmers Branch Circuits or Final Circuits Connectors Worldwide Electrical Safety and Wiring Codes Compliance Wire Gauges Data Distribution Systems Data Cables Data Splitters Data Amplifiers Gateways Data Terminators Ring Protection DMX Connectors Control Systems Lighting Controllers PC-Based Controllers Dedicated Controllers Playback Units Remote Focus Units Preset Stations Media Servers Redundant Backup and Automatic Failover Systems Luminaires Electrical Systems Electronic Systems Electromechanical Systems Mechanical Systems Optical Systems Communications Systems SECTION 2 Electricity and Electronics Chapter 4 Circuits Electrical Current, Voltage, Resistance, Power, and Energy Circuits Current Convention Water and Electricity—Bad Mix, Good Analogy Ohm’s Law Practice Problems Reactance Impedance DC Power Practice Problems Power Factor AC Power Apparent Power Practice Problems Answers to Practice Problems Chapter 5 Electrical Planning and Preparation Laying Out the Lighting System Circuiting Connectors Chapter 6 Power Supplies Arc Lamp Power Supplies Switch-Mode Power Supplies Rectification and Filtering Pulse-Width Modulation Voltage Transformation Transformer Taps High Frequency Filtering Feedback Power Factor Pros and Cons of SMPSs Magnetic Ballast Power Supplies LED Drivers LED Connections Lamp Control EMI Filtering Lamp Cutoff Switch Chapter 7 Overcurrent, Overvoltage, and Overtemperature Protection Electric Fuses Fuse Ratings Voltage Rating Speed of Operation Temperature Sensing and Thermal Protection Surge Suppression Voltage Clamping Devices Chapter 8 Digital Electronics Binary Numbering Practice Problems Offsets DIP-Switch Conventions Practice Problems Hexadecimal Numbers Practice Problems Digital Electronics The First Computer Bug Electronic Switching Data Transmission Chapter 9 Digital Hardware and Software The Central Processing Unit Memory Firmware Firmware Updates Section 3 Electro-Mechanical and Mechanical Systems Chapter 10 Electro-Mechanical Systems Stepper Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors Single Phase Excitation Mode Dual-Phase Excitation Mode Half Step Excitation Microstepping Resonance Stepper Motor Control Systems Position Sensing and Encoding Mechanical Stops Optical Sensing Hall Effect Sensors Position Encoding Quadrature Encoding Absolute Encoding Chapter 11 Mechanical Systems Materials Aluminum Stainless Steel Plastics Glass Fused Quartz Optical glass Metal Finishes Fasteners Thread Standards Preventing Vibrational Loosening Gears Belts Section 4 Optical Systems Chapter 12 Light Sources The Visible Spectrum Color Temperature Green/Magenta Balance Color Rendering Color Quality Scale TM-30 Luminous Efficacy Lumen Depreciation Lamp Life Ratings LED Operation Color LEDs White Light LEDs Multi-Color LEDs LED Light Engines LED Binning Gas Arc Lamps Arc Lamp Anatomy Starting an arc Lamp Hot Restrike Lamps The Effects of Lamp Strikes Testing Arc Lamps Arc Lamp Spectral Distribution Arc Lamp Hazards Proper Disposal of Arc Lamps Mercury Spills Incandescent Lamps Incandescence Gas Fill Halogen Lamps Dimming Incandescent Lamps Lamp Handling Precautions Lamp Cooling Heat Sinks Fans Active Cooling Chapter 13 The Optical Path Specular Reflection LED Primary Optics Conventional Reflector Geometry Parabolic Reflectors Elliptical Reflectors Spherical Reflectors Reflector Materials Ultraviolet and Infrared Filters Optical Thin-Film Filters The Deposition Process Thin-Film Interference Filter Types Color Wheels Subtractive Color Mixing Additive Color Mixing Color Temperature Correction Gobos Metal Gobos Glass Gobos Diffusion Iris Animation Effects Beam Shapers Framing Shutters Effects Secondary Lenses Spherical Aberrations Chromatic Aberration Anti-Reflective Coatings First Surface Mirrors Section 5 Communications Chapter 14 DMX The DMX Physical Layer The Transceiver Data Cable DMX Over CAT 5 DMX Connectors Building a DMX Data Network Data Termination Self-Terminating Fixtures Wireless DMX DMX512-A Data Protocol Bidirectional Communication Chapter 15 Remote Device Management (RDM) RDM Overview The RDM Physical Layer RDM Discovery RDM Get and Set Commands Practical RDM Chapter 16 Ethernet-Based Lighting Control Ethernet Types of Ethernet Ethernet Cabling Transmission Distances Network Switches IP Addresses Routable Versus Non-Routable IP Addresses Subnet Masks DHCP Art-Net Streaming ACN (sACN) DMX Universe Capability Troubleshooting Ethernet-Based Protocols Section 6 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Repair Chapter 17 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Repair Precautions and Hazards Shock Protection Eye and Skin Protection Common Sources of Failure: Heat, Shock, Age Fixture Test Error Logs Lamp Replacement and Alignment Calibration Updating Software Preventive Maintenance Visual Inspection Internal Cleaning Cleaning Fans and Filters Cleaning the Optics Housekeeping Lubrication Spare Parts Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Procedures Fixture Won’t Power Up Fixture Won’t Respond to DMX Control Signal Fixture Won’t Respond to Ethernet-based Control Signal (Art-Net or sACN) Lamp Won’t Strike General Troubleshooting Procedures Common Failures Printed Circuits Boards Motor Drive Chips Power Supplies Power Factor Correction Capacitors Fasteners Sensors Section 7 Lighting Console Setup and Programming Chapter 18 Lighting Console and FOH Setup Power Requirements Uninterruptable Power Supplies Physical Configuration Console Configuration Settings Setting Up a DMX System Setting Up the Network Configuring the Console Setting Up an Ethernet Network Testing the Network Setting Up a Console for Art-Net Output Port-Address Casting Setting Up a Console to Output sACN Port Monitoring Backup and Tracking MIDI and MSC Timecode Chapter 19 Lighting Console Programming Important Concepts DMX Universes Tracking Versus Preset Move Fade Versus State Precedence Priority and Assert User Input Syntax The Programmer Looks, Scenes, and Cues Basic Programming Patch the fixtures Create fixture groups Create presets and palettes Record cues Play back cues Highlight Timing Fade Time or Crossfade Time Fade In Time Fade Out Time Wait Time Delay Time Follow-on Time Part Cues Point Cues Blocking Cues Mark Cues Storing Specific Parameters or Fixtures Backing Up Pre-visualization and Off-Line Editing Program Blocking Pre-show Preparation Rig Check Busking Perfecting the Craft Chapter 20 Lighting Design Software CAD CAD Workflow File Formats CAD Libraries Data and Attributes Instrument type Power consumption in watts Purpose Position Unit number Color Dimmer Channel DMX universe DMX address Circuit number Circuit name Number of channels Frame size Field angles Beam angles Luminous Flux Center beam luminous intensity Weight Accessories Protocol DMX Mode or Personality IP address Subnet mask Art-Net net Art-Net subnet Lighting Paperwork Fixture or instrument schedules Panel schedules Dimmer schedules Shop order Software Applications Rendering Off-line Editors Visualization Fly-Throughs Workflow Section 8 Convergence of Lighting and Video Chapter 21 Media Servers and Pixel Mapping Media Server Hardware Layers Content Library Resolution of Media File Formats and Codecs Codecs Scaling Frame Rate Interlacing Aspect Ratio Bitrate Parameters File Folder File Selection Play In Point, Out Point Playback Speed Rotate (X, Y, Z) Position (X, Y, Z) Intensity Opacity Crossfade Blend Color (hue, saturation, contrast) Crop Mask Tiling Audio Strobe Edge Blending Keystone Pixel Mapping CITP Off-Line Editors Index"