Carolina Machado is an associate professor with habilitation at the University of Minho, Portugal. She has lectured on HRM subjects since 1989. She is currently the Head of the HRM Work Group at the University of Minho and is also the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Applied Management Sciences and Engineering. J. Paulo Davim is a professor at the University of Aveiro, Portugal and is also distinguished as an honorary professor in several universities/colleges/institutes in China, India and Spain. He has more than 35 years of teaching and research experience in mechanical and industrial engineering.