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The Failures of Others

Justifying Institutional Expansion in Comparative Public and International Law

Michaela Hailbronner (University of Münster)

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English
Cambridge University Press
22 January 2026
Arguments from failure – arguments that an institution must expand its powers because another institution is failing in some way 'to do its job' – are commonplace. From structural reform litigation, where courts sometimes assume administrative or legislative functions, to the Uniting for Peace Resolution of the UN General Assembly, to the recent bill quashing British subpostmasters' convictions – such arguments are offered in justification for unorthodox exercises of public power. But in spite of their popularity, we lack a good understanding of these arguments in legal terms. This is partly because failure itself is a highly malleable concept and partly because arguments from failure blur into other more familiar legal doctrines about implied powers or emergencies. We can do better. We should recognize arguments from failure as a distinct concept of public law and understand that contemporary constitutional theory offers us tools to evaluate such arguments in different settings This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
By:  
Imprint:   Cambridge University Press
Country of Publication:   United Kingdom
Weight:   573g
ISBN:   9781009646666
ISBN 10:   1009646664
Series:   Cambridge Studies in Constitutional Law
Pages:   284
Publication Date:  
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  College/higher education ,  Undergraduate ,  Further / Higher Education
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Introduction; Part I. Why Failure Matters – And What Follows from That: 1. What are arguments failure and when might we need them?; 2. Safe, legal and rare: the case for and against arguments from failure; 3. Proportionality; 4. Structural reform litigation in domestic courts; 5. A framework for structural reform litigation; 6. Failure and legal innovation: arguments from failure as judicial trumps; Part III. 7. Arguments from failure in international law; 8. Efficiency and failure in the European union; 9. Conclusion and perspectives; Bibliography; Index.

Michaela Hailbronner holds the chair for German and International Public Law and Comparative Law at the University of Münster, Germany. She is Co-President of the International Society of Public Law (ICON-S) and has done research in Germany, South Africa, the US and the UK. Her 2014 article on German constitutionalism won the inaugural Best Paper Award of the International Journal of Constitutional Law.

Reviews for The Failures of Others: Justifying Institutional Expansion in Comparative Public and International Law

'What should we do when those who wield power fail? In a subtle and nuanced analysis, Michaela Hailbronner tackles this question with insight and originality. Drawing on case-studies from comparative constitutional law, the European Union, and international law, Hailbronner makes a powerful case that we need to take institutional failure seriously - not just as a cause for lament or an automatic licence to deviate from established legal norms, but as a stimulus for a more measured and context-specific approach. All public lawyers will benefit from engaging with Hailbronner's illuminating and compelling arguments.' Aileen Kavanagh, Professor of Constitutional Governance, Law, Trinity College Dublin 'Institutions fail in ways that spell bad news for a project of democratic constitutionalism - but can also provide invaluable lessons. Institutional failure can be a powerful reason for other institutions to step up to uphold constitutional norms - and Hailbronner constructs a sophisticated account of what this kind of failure-sensitive approach to judicial review might look like. The book should be compulsory reading for all those interested in the future of constitutionalism.' Rosalind Dixon, Professor of Law and Director of the Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, University of New South Wales, Sydney 'Michaela Hailbronner has written an exceptional and well argued book, in which she studies the problem of institutional failure. She does so in a very attractive way, concerned about the (tragic) phenomenon of 'authoritarian erosion'; and still hopeful about structural reform litigation.' Roberto Gargarella, Professor of Law at the Torcuato di Tella University and the University of Buenos Aires 'This brilliant and imaginative work underscores how legal efforts are often a response to our broken institutional reality. The Failures of Others not only clarifies our doctrinal landscape - it offers us a new way to inform and shape our constitutional future.' Madhav Khosla, B. R. Ambedkar Professor of Indian Constitutional Law and Professor of Political Science, Columbia University


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