Review from previous edition clear, fascinating and valuable --The Guardian stimulating ... The continuous regard paid to the development of trade and economy deserves partucular praise. --History Professor Lewis has admirably achieved his object, notably bringing out broad economic trends --International Affairs. .. enormously influential history ... after reading 'Gibbon on Muhammad', it is tempting to speculate that Lewis's long-standing interest in the eighteenth-century historian may have influenced his own ambition to scan grand horizons, his taste for irony and his unmistakably elegant literary style. --Robert Irwin, Middle Eastern Studies