Applying the ADA

Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi History xi Summary xii Chapter 1 General Guidelines 1 by Marcela Abadi Rhoads, AIA RAS General Guidelines 1 Building Blocks 2 Accessible Routes 9 General Site 10 Changes in Level 16 Accessible Entrances 16 Interior Accessible Route 17 Plumbing Fixtures 18 Communication Features 23 Summary 25 Chapter 2 Retail and Mixed-Use Facilities 27 by Marcela Abadi Rhoads, AIA RAS Introduction 27 Shopping Malls 28 Site Arrival Points 28 Minimum Number of Parking Spaces Closest to the Entrances 29 Accessible Route to Entrances 32 Accessible Entrances 38 Interior Accessible Route to Spaces 38 Retail Spaces 41 Checkout and Sales Counters 43 Dressing and Fitting Rooms 44 Employee Areas 46 Common-Use Spaces 52 Food Court 56 Play Areas 60 Strip Shopping Center 61 Site Arrival Point 63 Parking 66 Accessible Route 66 Tenant Entrances 66 Lifestyle Center 72 Parking 72 Accessible Route 74 Residential Facilities/Offices on Upper Floors 75 Summary 81 Chapter 3 Primary Education 85 by Wally Tirado, ICC RAS Introduction 85 Administrative Areas 86 Employee Work Areas 87 Service Areas 88 Service Yards and Loading Docks 89 General Application for Children Areas 89 Reach Ranges and Operating Mechanisms 92 Dining and Work Surfaces 92 Toilet Rooms and Elements 97 Drinking Fountains 98 Toilet Compartments 99 Water Closets and Accessories 99 Mirrors 102 Lavatories and Sinks 102 Dressing and Fitting Rooms 104 Signage 104 Ramps and Stairs 106 Assembly Areas 108 Outdoor Play Areas 111 Transportation Facilities 112 Passenger Loading Zones 112 Bus Loading Zones 112 Summary 113 Chapter 4 Secondary and Postsecondary Educa tion 117 by Wally Tirado, ICC RAS Introduction 117 Accessible Sites and Parking 118 Bus Loading Zones 118 Location and Dispersion of Parking 120 Leased/Assigned Parking 121 Playing Fields and Exterior Athletic Facilities 122 General Accessible Areas 127 Security Barriers 128 Temporary Structures and Facilities 129 Assembly Areas 129 Classrooms 130 Other Box Seating and Outdoor Seating 132 Performance Areas 135 Assistive Listening Systems (ALS) 141 Ticket Booths and Concession Stands 142 Libraries 142 Physical Education Facilities 143 Exercise Machines and Equipment 143 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms 146 Swimming Pools 148 Other Spectator Sports Areas 150 Dining Facilities 151 Administrative Areas 153 Housing at a Place of Education 158 Kitchens 159 Multi-Bedroom 159 Apartment or Townhouse Facilities 159 Summary 160 Chapter 5 Hospitality 163 by Jeromy Murphy, AIA RAS Introduction 163 New Construction 164 Existing Facilities 164 Public and Guest Areas 164 Guest Rooms with Mobility Features or Communications Features 173 Examples 177 Summary 179 Chapter 6 Healthcare and Senior Living Communities 183 by Greg Hunteman, AIA RAS Introduction 183 Different Types of Healthcare 183 Alterations to Existing Healthcare and Long-Term Care Facilities 184 General Guidelines 186 Accessible Routes 186 Individual Spaces 190 Patient and Resident Sleeping Rooms 191 Summary 198 Chapter 7 Amusement Parks and Play Areas 201 by Marcela Abadi Rhoads, AIA RAS Site Arrival 202 Play Areas 204 Ground Play Components 206 Elevated Play Components 209 Accessible Route 210 Entry Points and Seats 217 Play for Visually and Hearing Impaired 217 Amusement Rides 217 Fishing Piers 229 Summary 231 Chapter 8 Historic Preservation and Remodels 235 by Marcela Abadi Rhoads, AIA RAS Alterations 236 Entrances 242 Accessible Route 242 Path of Travel Elements 243 Tenant Finish-Outs 244 Alterations of Medical Care Facilities’ Patient Rooms 245 Alterations of Transient Lodging Sleeping Rooms 246 Alterations of Holding Cells 247 Alterations of Residential Dwelling Units 248 Alterations of Restaurants 249 Alterations of Dressing Rooms and Lockers Rooms 249 Disproportionality: The 20% Rule 249 Series of Smaller Alterations 250 Safe Harbor 251 Historic Facilities 252 Summary 254 Chapter 9 Residential Projects 259 by Jeromy Murphy, AIA RAS Introduction 259 Residential versus Transient Lodging 259 Applicability 260 Public and Common Use Spaces 263 Residential Dwelling Units 265 Summary 270 Chapter 10 Universal Design beyond the ADA 273 by Marcela Abadi Rhoads, AIA RAS PRINCIPLE ONE: Equitable Use 274 Principle One Design Guidelines 274 PRINCIPLE TWO: Flexibility in Use 277 Principle Two Design Guidelines 278 PRINCIPLE THREE: Simple and Intuitive Use 282 Principle Three Design Guidelines 282 PRINCIPLE FOUR: Perceptible Information 285 Principle Four Design Guidelines 286 PRINCIPLE FIVE: Tolerance for Error 289 Principle Five Design Guidelines 289 PRINCIPLE SIX: Low Physical Effort 294 Principle Six Design Guidelines 294 PRINCIPLE SEVEN: Size and Space for Approach and Use 298 Principle Seven Design Guidelines 298 Summary 302 Appendix A: Reference Ta bles 303 Appendix B: Resources 317 Index 319