Applications of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings

List of Contributors x Preface xiv Section I Diamond-like Carbon Coatings 1 1 Introduction of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings 3 Naveen Joshi, Jagdish Narayan, Roger J. Narayan 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 DLC Coatings for Mechanical and Transportation Applications 6 1.3 DLC Coatings for Medical Applications 8 1.4 DLC Coatings for Electrical and Optical Devices 12 1.5 DLC Coatings for Optical Applications 14 1.6 Emerging Applications of DLC Coatings 15 1.7 Limitations of DLC Coatings 18 1.8 Q-Carbon as a Superior Coating Material 19 1.9 Summary 22 2 Deposition Methods of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings 31 Pranay Kalakonda, Jagdish Narayan, Roger J. Narayan 2.1 Introduction 31 2.2 Classification of Carbon Coatings 34 2.3 Deposition Methods 36 2.4 Deposition Mechanisms 50 2.5 Influence of Deposition Parameters 53 2.6 Properties and Analysis Methods 54 2.7 Applications 56 2.8 Conclusions 57 3 Properties of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings 71 Muhammad Abdul Basit, Ramsha Zafar, Nawal Haider 3.1 Introduction to Diamond-like Carbon Coating 72 3.2 General Categorization of DLC Coatings 72 3.3 Preparation of DLC Coatings 74 3.4 Characterization Techniques of DLC Coatings 74 3.5 Properties of DLC Coatings 76 3.6 Improving the Properties of DLC Coatings 96 3.7 Applications and Uses of DLC Coatings 100 3.8 Summary and Future Outlook 100 Section II Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Mechanical and Transportation Applications 107 4 Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Tools and Molds 109 Farooq Ahmad, Raies Abdullah, Jamile Mohammadi Moradian 4.1 Introduction 109 4.2 Hot Forging Die Tool Failure Mechanisms 111 4.3 Surface Treatments in Die Tools and Molds 111 4.4 Deposition of DLC Coatings 113 4.5 Structural Properties of DLC Coatings 115 4.6 Mechanical and Tribological Properties of DLC Coatings 117 4.7 Applications of DLC Coatings in Die Tools and Molds 118 4.8 Challenges and Future Perspective of DLC Coatings 121 5 Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Solid Lubrication: Production Techniques, Properties, and Applications 129 Deepak Kumar, Virendra Pratap Singh, Himanshu Rai 5.1 Introduction 130 5.2 Classifications of DLC Coatings 131 5.3 Deposition Methods of DLC Coatings 133 5.4 Tribology of DLC Coatings 140 5.5 Modification of DLC Coatings for Reduced Wear and Friction 143 5.6 Applications of DLC Coatings 145 5.7 Summary and Future Directions 146 6 Diamond-like Carbon Coatings and Green Lubricants 155 Irfan Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid Arshad, Marko Polajnar 6.1 Introduction 155 6.2 DLC Coatings in Sustainable Tribology: Navigating Green Engineering Concepts 158 6.3 Role and Importance of Doping Elements on DLC Lubricating Properties 171 6.4 Interactions of DLC Coatings with Green Additives 176 6.5 Lubrication Behavior of DLC Coatings with Base Lubricants 179 6.6 Conclusion 182 Section III Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Medical Applications 191 7 Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Artificial Implants 193 Benedict Rothammer, Max Marian 7.1 Introduction 193 7.2 Requirements for DLC Coatings When Employed to Artificial Implants 195 7.3 Application for Load-bearing Implants 198 7.4 Application for Dental Implants and Braces/Retainers 216 7.5 Concluding Remarks 222 8 Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Orthopedic Implants and Surgical Tools 245 Witold Kaczorowski, Krzysztof Jastrzebski, Piotr Niedzielski 8.1 Introduction 245 8.2 Orthopedic Substrates and DLC Coating Techniques 246 8.3 Carbon Coatings as Part of Multilayer Systems or as a Base for Doping 248 8.4 Properties of DLC Coatings and Their Use in Orthopedics and Surgical Instruments 249 8.5 Examples of Applications of Carbon Coatings in Orthopedics and on Surgical Instruments 261 8.6 Conclusion 263 Section IV Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Electrical and Optical Devices 277 9 Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Electric Storage Batteries 279 Muhammad Ihsan-Ul-Haq 9.1 Introduction 279 9.2 Applications of DLC Coatings in Secondary Batteries 280 9.3 Conclusions and Future Research 287 10 DLC Coatings for Optical and Optoelectronic Applications 293 Mumin Mehmet Koc, Naim Aslan 10.1 Introduction 293 10.2 Production and Characterization Methods 295 10.3 Optical and Optoelectronic Properties 299 10.4 Effect of Production Methods/Parameters on DLC Film Properties 301 10.5 DLC Films in Optical and Optoelectronic Applications 303 10.6 Conclusion 307 Section V Emerging Applications of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings 313 11 Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Polymers and Textiles 315 Witold Kaczorowski 11.1 Introduction 315 11.2 Polymer Substrates and Techniques for Developing DLC Coatings on Them 317 11.3 Properties of DLC Coatings for Which They Find Application in Polymer Modification 318 11.4 Application Areas for Carbon Coatings for Polymers and Textiles 331 11.5 Conclusion 335 12 Diamond-like Carbon Coating Applications in MEMS 345 Muhammad Usman, Hafiz Mahmood Ilahi, Muhammad Umar Farooq, Mudassar Rauf , Muhammad Asim, Sarmad Ali Khan 12.1 Introduction 346 12.2 Mechanical Properties of DLC Coatings 348 12.3 DLC Applications for Sensors 351 12.4 DLC Applications for Nanoactuators 357 12.5 Industrial Processing 358 12.6 Applications of DLC Coatings Structural Integrity 359 12.7 DLC Applications for MEMS Tribology 359 12.8 DLC Coatings System and Performance 363 12.9 Conclusion 366 13 Data-centric Process, Property, and Performance of Carbon Coatings 373 Muhammad Ikhlaq, Abdul Wasy Zia 13.1 Introduction 373 13.2 Data-centric Manufacturing Process of Carbon Coatings 375 13.3 Data-centric Virtual Synthesis and Structural Design of Carbon Coatings 380 13.4 Understanding the Properties of Carbon Coatings With Data-centric Approaches 383 13.5 Data-centric Performance Assessment of Carbon Coatings 387 13.6 Applications of Carbon Coating in Enhancing the Heat Transfer Processes 397 13.7 Conclusion 405 14 Circularity and Techno-economic Analysis of Carbon-coated Products 413 Ashmal James, Abdul Wasy Zia 14.1 Introduction 413 14.2 Potential Reprocessing Methods for Carbon De-coating 415 14.3 Decision Matrix of Carbon De-coating Methods 417 14.4 Technical Analysis of Carbon De-coating Methods 419 14.5 Economic Analysis of Carbon De-coating Methods 422 14.6 Case Study -- Carbon De-coating from Cutting Tools 423 14.7 Conclusion 426 Index 429