This book explores the question: How did the rabbis of the first two centuries CE approach bodies that are born with variant genitals--bodies that they could not identify as definitely male or female? The rabbis had constructed a system in which every behavior was governed by one's sex/gender, posing a conundrum both for people who did not fit into that model and for the rabbinic enterprise itself. Despite this, their texts contain dozens of references to intersex.
And the Sages Did Not Know examines the rabbis' legal texts and concludes that they had multiple approaches to intersex people. Sarra Lev analyzes seven different rabbinic responses to this conflict of their own making. Through their rulings on how intersex people should conduct themselves in multiple circumstances, the early rabbis treat intersex people as unidentifiable males or females, as indeterminate, as male, as non-gendered, as sui generis, as part-male/part-female, as a sustainable paradox, and, finally, as a way for them to think about gender, having nothing to do with intersex people themselves.
This is the first such work that concentrates primarily on the potential effects of these rabbinic texts on intersex persons themselves rather than focusing on what the texts offer readers whose interest is rabbinic approaches to sex and gender or gender diversity. Although the rabbinic texts do not include the voices of known intersex people, these materials do offer us a window into how one small group of people approached intersex bodies, and how those approaches were both similar to and different from those we recognize today.
By:
Sarra Lev
Imprint: University of Pennsylvania Press
Country of Publication: United States
Dimensions:
Height: 229mm,
Width: 152mm,
ISBN: 9781512825176
ISBN 10: 1512825174
Pages: 392
Publication Date: 18 December 2023
Audience:
Professional and scholarly
,
Undergraduate
Format: Hardback
Publisher's Status: Active
Preface Notes on Usage Introduction A Brief Excursus on “Rabbinic Intersex” Chapter 1. Frames of Reference Chapter 2. Deconstructing the Binary, or Not? Chapter 3. The Sui Generis Model Chapter 4. The Uncertainty Model: Creating Contingency Plans Chapter 5. The “Non-” Model and Genre: What a Difference Wordplay Makes Chapter 6. The Maleness Model: Making a Male Chapter 7. The Part/Part Model: Dissecting the Body Chapter 8. Encountering an Androginos: The Truth of Paradox Epilogue Glossary Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments
Sarra Lev is Professor of Rabbinics and Chair of the Department of Rabbinic Civilization at Reconstructionist Rabbinical College and Jewish Reconstructionist Communities.
Reviews for And the Sages Did Not Know: Early Rabbinic Approaches to Intersex
"""With this meticulous and erudite study of the early rabbinic texts about the figure of the nonbinary body, the androginos, Sarra Lev offers a compelling case for using the late ancient material in the contemporary conversation about intersex embodiment. Lev beautifully weaves together the rabbinic legal discourse with contemporary intersex voices, thereby crafting a space of possibility for a different future for these late ancient Jewish texts. A critical contribution toward contending with the Jewish and—by implication—with the U.S. binary sex/gender system of law."" * Charlotte Elisheva Fonrobert, Stanford University *"
