An Evidence Base for Ophthalmic Nursing Practice

Preface ix Contributors x Introduction: evidence and practice xi Section 1 Lids and lacrimal 1 Basal cell carcinoma 3 2 Blepharitis 7 3 Cellulitis 9 4 Chalazion (meibomian cysts) 13 5 Dry eye syndrome 17 6 Ectropion 25 7 Entropion 29 8 Infestation of lashes: phthiriasis palbebrum 33 9 Lid eversion 35 10 Sac wash-out (irrigation of the lacrimal ducts) 39 11 Schirmer’s tear test 43 12 The Tear fi lm break-up time 47 Section 2 Conjunctiva 13 Conjunctivitis 51 14 Subconjunctival haemorrhage 55 Section 3 Cornea 15 Bacterial corneal ulcers 59 16 Bandage contact lenses 63 17 Contact lens care 65 18 Corneal scrape 73 19 Corneal topography 75 20 Herpes simplex keratitis/dendritic ulcers 79 21 Marginal ulcers and keratitis 83 22 Recurrent corneal erosion 85 Section 4 Angle and aqueous 23 Acute glaucoma 93 24 Angle assessment 97 25 Tonometry 103 Section 5 Lens 26 Biometry (IOL calculation) 109 Section 6 Vitreoretinal 27 Age-related macular degeneration 117 28 Fluorescein angiography 121 29 Indocyanine green angiography 125 30 Intravitreal injection procedures in the treatment of AMD 127 31 Photodynamic therapy 133 Section 7 Neuro-ophthalmology 32 Cranial nerve III palsy 137 33 Cranial nerve IV palsy 141 34 Cranial nerve VI palsy 143 35 Assessing pupil reactions 147 36 Electroretinogram and electro-oculogram 151 37 Visual evoked potential 155 Section 8 Pharmacology 38 Administration of eyedrops and ointment 161 39 Eyedrops that dilate the pupil (mydriatics and cycloplegics) 165 40 Eyedrops and health-care assistants 169 41 Prescribing and supplying drugs 171 42 Topical anaesthetics and the eye 177 Section 9 Trauma 43 Eye irrigation 183 44 Padding/patching the eye 187 45 Foreign body removal and treatment 191 46 Hyphaema 197 47 Ocular burns 201 48 Sprayed chemicals and the eye 207 49 Surface ocular trauma: treatment 211 50 Triage in the ophthalmic setting 217 Section 10 General topics 51 Cannulation 223 52 Differential diagnosis of the red eye 227 53 Focimetry 229 54 Heat treatment 233 55 Infection control in ophthalmology 235 56 Managing pain, nausea and vomiting 243 57 Visual acuity testing (in adults) 245 Section 11 Legal aspects of care and policy 58 Low vision registration 253 59 Recommendations for low vision services 257 60 Consent to treatment 265 61 Vision and driving 277 62 Standards for information for people with a visual disability 283 63 New pathways for common eye conditions 287 64 The Disability Discrimination Act 293 65 Visual health and Government priorities 297 Appendices 299 1 Orthoptic abbreviations 301 2 Glossary 305 3 Useful addresses 313 4 Useful references and documents 319 Index 321