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Algorithms of Oppression

How Search Engines Reinforce Racism

Safiya Umoja Noble

$60.99

Paperback

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English
New York University Press
20 February 2018
A revealing look at how negative biases against women of color are embedded in search engine results and algorithms

Run a Google search for “black girls”—what will you find? “Big Booty” and other sexually explicit terms are likely to come up as top search terms. But, if you type in “white girls,” the results are radically different. The suggested porn sites and un-moderated discussions about “why black women are so sassy” or “why black women are so angry” presents a disturbing portrait of black womanhood in modern society.

In Algorithms of Oppression, Safiya Umoja Noble challenges the idea that search engines like Google offer an equal playing field for all forms of ideas, identities, and activities. Data discrimination is a real social problem; Noble argues that the combination of private interests in promoting certain sites, along with the monopoly status of a relatively small number of Internet search engines, leads to a biased set of search algorithms that privilege whiteness and discriminate against people of color, specifically women of color.

Through an analysis of textual and media searches as well as extensive research on paid online advertising, Noble exposes a culture of racism and sexism in the way discoverability is created online. As search engines and their related companies grow in importance—operating as a source for email, a major vehicle for primary and secondary school learning, and beyond—understanding and reversing these disquieting trends and discriminatory practices is of utmost importance.

An original, surprising and, at times, disturbing account of bias on the internet, Algorithms of Oppression contributes to our understanding of how racism is created, maintained, and disseminated in the 21st century.

By:  
Imprint:   New York University Press
Country of Publication:   United States
Dimensions:   Height: 229mm,  Width: 152mm, 
Weight:   386g
ISBN:   9781479837243
ISBN 10:   1479837245
Pages:   256
Publication Date:  
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Undergraduate
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active

Safiya Umoja Noble is Assistant Professor in the Department of Information Studies in the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. She also holds appointments in the Departments of African American Studies, Gender Studies, and Education. Noble is the co-editor of two books, The Intersectional Internet: Race, Sex, Culture and Class Online and Emotions, Technology & Design.

Reviews for Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism

[P]resents convincing evidence of the need for closer scrutiny and regulation of search engine[s]....A thought-provoking, well-researched work.... -Library Journal All search results are not created equal. Through deft analyses of software, society, and superiority, Noble exposes both the motivations and mathematics that make a `technologically redlined' internet. Read this book to understand how supposedly race neutral zeros and ones simply don't add up. -Matthew W. Hughey,Author of White Bound: Nationalists, Antiracists, and the Shared Meanings of Race Rather than being a neutral arbiter that sorts content by quality, Noble argues that search engines are easily gamed in ways that reflect discriminatory practices. Even without malevolent actors, search engines may be perpetuating racist stereotypes. -Chicago Tribune A distressing account of algorithms run amok. -Kirkus Reviews Algorithms of Oppression is a wakeup call to bring awareness to the biases of the internet, and should motivate all concerned people to ask why those biases exist, and who they benefit. -New York Journal of Books Safiya Noble's compelling and accessible book is an impressive survey of the impact of search and other algorithms on our understandings of racial and gender identity. Her study raises crucial questions regarding the power and control of algorithms, and is essential reading for understanding the way media works in the contemporary moment. -Sarah Banet-Weiser,Author of Authentic (TM): The Politics of Ambivalence in a Brand Culture Noble argues...that the web is ...a machine of oppression...[Her] central insight - that nothing about internet search and retrieval is political neutral - is made...through the accumulation of alarming and disturbing examples. [She] makes a compelling case that pervasive racism online inflames racist violence IRL. -Los Angeles Review of Books Noble demolishes the popular assumption that Google is a values-free tool with no agenda...She astutely questions the wisdom of turning so much of our data and intellectual capital over to a corporate monopoly....Noble's study should prompt some soul-searching about our reliance on commercial search engines and about digital social equity. -STARRED Booklist Noble's thesis is a new tune in the ever-louder chorus that, in light of the dominance of the big tech companies, is singing for 'protections and attention that work in service of the public'. -The Financial Times Noble makes a strong case that present technologies and search engines are not just imperfect, but they enact actual harm to people and communities. -Popmatters.com Safiya Noble has produced an outstanding book that raises clear alarms about the ways Google quietly shapes our lives, minds, and attitudes. Noble writes with urgency and clarity. This book is essential for anyone hoping to understand our current information ecosystem. -Siva Vaidhyanathan,Author of The Googlization of Everything - and Why We Should Worry


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