Advanced Internet Protocols, Services, and Applications

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Eiji Oki (NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan) Roberto Rojas-Cessa

Advanced Internet Protocols, Services, and Applications

Eiji Oki (NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan), Roberto Rojas-Cessa, Mallikarjun Tatipamula , Christian Vogt

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English

John Wiley & Sons Inc
03 April 2012

Computer networking & communications; Networking standards & protocols; Computer science

Today, the internet and computer networking are essential parts of business, learning, and personal communications and entertainment. Virtually all messages or transactions sent over the internet are carried using internet infrastructure- based on advanced internet protocols. Advanced internet protocols ensure that both public and private networks operate with maximum performance, security, and flexibility.

This book is intended to provide a comprehensive technical overview and survey of advanced internet protocols, first providing a solid introduction and going on to discuss internetworking technologies, architectures and protocols. The book also shows application of the concepts in next generation networks and discusses protection and restoration, as well as various tunnelling protocols and applications. The book ends with a thorough discussion of emerging topics.

By: Eiji Oki (NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories Tokyo Japan), Roberto Rojas-Cessa, Mallikarjun Tatipamula, Christian Vogt
Imprint: John Wiley & Sons Inc
Country of Publication: United States
Dimensions: Height: 244mm, Width: 163mm, Spine: 19mm
Weight: 508g
ISBN: 9780470499030
ISBN 10: 0470499036
Pages: 260
Publication Date: 03 April 2012
Audience: Professional and scholarly , Undergraduate
Format: Hardback
Publisher's Status: Active

Preface xi Acknowledgments xv About the Authors xvii 1 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Overview 1 1.1 Fundamental Architecture / 1 1.2 Internet Protocol Basics / 4 1.2.1 Packet Header / 5 1.2.2 Internet Protocol Address / 7 1.2.3 Internet Protocol Classification / 7 1.2.4 Subnet and its Masking / 9 1.2.5 Subnet Calculation / 11 1.3 Routing / 13 1.3.1 Routing across Providers / 14 1.3.2 Routing within Edge Networks / 15 1.3.3 Routing Scalability / 16 References / 18 2 Transport-Layer Protocols 19 2.1 Transmission Control Protocol / 19 2.1.1 Transmission Control Protocol Header Structure / 19 2.1.2 Three-Way Handshake / 20 2.1.3 Transmission Control Protocol Flow Control and Congestion Control / 21 2.1.4 Port Number / 24 2.2 User Datagram Protocol / 25 2.2.1 User Datagram Protocol Header Structure / 25 2.3 Stream Control Transmission Protocol / 26 2.3.1 Stream Control Transmission Protocol Packet Structure / 26 2.3.2 Security: Prevention of SYN Attacks / 27 2.4 Real-Time Transport Protocol / 29 2.4.1 Real-Time Transport Protocol Header Structure / 29 References / 30 3 Internet Architecture 31 3.1 Internet Exchange Point / 31 3.2 History of Internet Exchange Points / 33 3.3 Internet Service Provider Interconnection Relationships / 34 3.4 Peering and Transit / 35 References / 37 4 IP Routing Protocols 39 4.1 Overview of Routing Protocols / 40 4.1.1 Interior Gateway Protocol / 41 4.1.2 Exterior Gateway Protocol / 42 4.2 Routing Information Protocol / 43 4.2.1 Routing Information Protocol Header Format / 43 4.2.2 Update of Routing Table in Routing Information Protocol / 44 4.2.3 Maintenance of Routing Table in Routing Information Protocol / 46 4.2.4 Split Horizon / 47 4.2.5 Limitations of Routing Information Protocol / 47 4.3 Open Shortest Path First / 48 4.3.1 Shortest-Path Algorithm / 48 4.3.2 Hierarchical Routing / 51 4.3.3 Open Shortest Path First Packet Format / 51 4.3.4 Comparison of Routing Information Protocol and Open Shortest Path First / 52 4.4 Border Gateway Protocol / 53 4.4.1 Border Gateway Protocol Message Flows / 53 4.4.2 Border Gateway Protocol Policy Selection Attributes / 54 References / 57 5 Multiprotocol Label Switching 59 5.1 Overview / 59 5.2 Functions and Mechanisms / 63 5.3 Applicabilities / 67 References / 72 6 IP Quality Of Service 75 6.1 Introduction / 75 6.2 Quality of Service in IP Version 4 / 75 6.3 Integrated Services / 77 6.3.1 Packet Scheduler / 77 6.3.2 Packet Classifier / 77 6.3.3 Admission Control / 78 6.3.4 Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) / 79 6.4 Differentiated Services / 81 6.5 Quality Of Service with Nested Differentiated Services Levels / 82 6.5.1 Drawbacks of Explicit Endpoint Admission Control with Path Selection / 84 6.5.2 OSPF-Based Adaptive and Flexible Quality of Service Provisioning / 85 6.5.3 Combination of Security and Quality of Service / 86 6.5.4 Path Selection Algorithm Analysis / 87 References / 90 7 IP Multicast and Anycast 93 7.1 Addressing / 93 7.1.1 Multicast Addressing / 93 7.1.2 Differences between Multicasting and Multiple Unicasting / 95 7.2 Multicast Routing / 96 7.2.1 Optimal Routing: Shortest-Path Trees / 96 7.2.2 Unicast Routing / 96 7.2.3 Multicast Routing / 96 7.3 Routing Protocols / 97 7.3.1 Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF) / 98 7.3.2 Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol / 99 7.3.3 Core-Based Tree (CBT) Protocol / 100 7.3.4 Protocol-Independent Multicast / 101 7.3.5 Simple Multicast Routing Protocol / 101 7.4 Anycasting / 102 7.4.1 Architectural Issues / 103 7.4.2 Anycast Addresses / 103 7.4.3 Differences between the Services Offered by IP Multicasting and IP Anycasting / 104 7.5 IPv6 Anycast Routing Protocol: Protocol-Independent Anycast—Sparse Mode / 105 References / 106 8 Layer-2 Transport over Packet 109 8.1 Draft-Martini Signaling and Encapsulation / 109 8.1.1 Functionality / 110 8.1.2 Encapsulation / 110 8.1.3 Protocol-Specific Encapsulation / 111 8.2 Layer-2 Tunneling Protocol / 114 8.2.1 Layer-2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 / 115 8.2.2 Pseudowire Emulation Edge to Edge / 118 References / 121 9 Virtual Private Wired Service 123 9.1 Types of Private Wire Services / 123 9.1.1 Layer-2 Virtual Private Services: Wide Area Networks and Local Area Networks / 124 9.1.2 Virtual Private Wire Service / 126 9.1.3 Virtual Private Multicast Service / 127 9.1.4 IP-Only Layer-2 Virtual Private Network / 128 9.1.5 Internet Protocol Security / 129 9.2 Generic Routing Encapsulation / 130 9.3 Layer-2 Tunneling Protocol / 131 9.4 Layer-3 Virtual Private Network 2547bis, Virtual Router / 131 9.4.1 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol / 133 References / 136 10 IP and Optical Networking 137 10.1 IP/Optical Network Evolution / 138 10.1.1 Where Networking Is Today / 138 10.1.2 Where Networking Is Going / 139 10.2 Challenges in Legacy Traditional IP/Optical Networks / 140 10.2.1 Proprietary Network Management Systems / 140 10.2.2 Complexity of Provisioning in Legacy IP/Optical Networks / 141 10.3 Automated Provisioning in IP/Optical Networks / 142 10.4 Control Plane Models for IP/Optical Networking / 144 10.4.1 Optical Internetworking Forum’s Optical User Network Interface: Overlay Model / 145 10.4.2 Internet EngineeringTask Force’s Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching: Peer Model / 145 10.5 Next-Generation MultiLayer Network Design Requirements / 147 10.6 Benefits and Challenges in IP/Optical Networking / 148 References / 149 11 IP Version 6 151 11.1 Addresses in IP Version 6 / 152 11.1.1 Unicast IP Addresses / 152 11.1.2 Multicast IP Addresses / 153 11.2 IP Packet Headers / 154 11.3 IP Address Resolution / 155 11.4 IP Version 6 Deployment: Drivers and Impediments / 156 11.4.1 Need for Backwards Compatibility / 157 11.4.2 Initial Deployment Drivers / 158 11.4.3 Reaching a Critical Mass / 160 References / 161 12 IP Traffic Engineering 163 12.1 Models of Traffic Demands / 163 12.2 Optimal Routing with Multiprotocol Label Switching / 165 12.2.1 Overview / 165 12.2.2 Applicability of Optimal Routing / 165 12.2.3 Network Model / 166 12.2.4 Optimal Routing Formulations with Three Models / 166 12.3 Link-Weight Optimization with Open Shortest Path First / 169 12.3.1 Overview / 169 12.3.2 Examples of Routing Control with Link Weights / 170 12.3.3 Link-Weight Setting Against Network Failure / 172 12.4 Extended Shortest-Path-Based Routing Schemes / 173 12.4.1 Smart–Open Shortest Path First / 174 12.4.2 Two-Phase Routing / 174 12.4.3 Fine Two-Phase Routing / 176 12.4.4 Features of Routing Schemes / 177 References / 177 13 IP Network Security 181 13.1 Introduction / 181 13.2 Detection of Denial-of-Service Attack / 182 13.2.1 Backscatter Analysis / 182 13.2.2 Multilevel Tree or Online Packet Statistics / 184 13.3 IP Traceback / 187 13.3.1 IP Traceback Solutions / 189 13.4 Edge Sampling Scheme / 189 13.5 Advanced Marking Scheme / 193 References / 196 14 Mobility Support for IP 197 14.1 Mobility Management Approaches / 199 14.1.1 Host Routes / 200 14.1.2 Tunneling / 201 14.1.3 Route Optimization / 203 14.2 Security Threats Related to IP Mobility / 205 14.2.1 Impersonation / 205 14.2.2 Redirection-Based Flooding / 208 14.2.3 Possible Solutions / 210 14.3 Mobility Support in IPv6 / 213 14.4 Reactive Versus Proactive Mobility Support / 218 14.5 Relation to Multihoming / 219 14.6 Protocols Supplementing Mobility / 220 14.6.1 Router and Subnet Prefix Discovery / 220 14.6.2 Movement Detection / 221 14.6.3 IP Address Configuration / 222 14.6.4 Neighbor Unreachability Detection / 223 14.6.5 Internet Control Message Protocol for IP Version 6 / 224 14.6.6 Optimizations / 224 14.6.7 Media-Independent Handover Services / 227 References / 231 Index 235

EIJI OKI, PHD, is an Associate Professor at the University of Electro-Communications in Tokyo and was the recipient of the IEEE's 2001 Asia-Pacific Outstanding Young Researcher Award. ROBERTO ROJAS-CESSA, PHD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at New Jersey Institute of Technology. MALLIKARJUN TATIPAMULA, PHD, is Head of Packet Technologies Research at Ericsson Silicon Valley. He has over twenty years of experience in the telecommunications/networking industry, with more than 100 published papers and patents. CHRISTIAN VOGT is a Senior Marketing Manager at Ericsson Silicon Valley.