Revised edition of a leading educational resource on acute medicine, updated with existing guidance and new, exciting areas of research
Acute Medicine is a quick reference guide that details a comprehensive range of acute medical emergencies affecting different organ systems with the latest guidelines and evidence for management of these emergencies. It includes discussions around location of care, including principles of ambulatory care or same day emergency care and the different services that are in place to provide acute care within the community (e.g. hospital at home).
The book adopts a unique approach to clinical assessment by outlining key priorities during acute critical periods, along with ongoing management considerations after diagnosis and initial treatment.
This new edition covers the latest research and applications in this rapidly developing field, such as point-of-care ultrasound, its role in frontline medicine, and its use in clinical assessment.
Contributed to by experts in their fields sharing the latest and ground-breaking best clinical practice, Acute Medicine includes information on:
Hypotension and shock, reduced consciousness level, delirium, and falls in older people Acute chest pain, palpitations, transient loss of consciousness, acute breathlessness and respiratory failure, and pleural effusion Acute headaches, seizures and epilepsy, weakness and paralysis, acute sensory symptoms, and loss of vision Acute upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding, alcoholic hepatitis, urinary tract infections, and acute liver failure Cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis, erythroderma and toxic epidermal necrolysis, septic arthritis, acute vasculitis, and acute gout and pseudogout
Acute Medicine serves as an excellent one-stop reference for practitioners in the field, physicians, residents, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician associates, and many more. It may also be used as a revision aid for those in undergraduate or postgraduate education.
List of Contributors, x Introduction, xx Section 1: Emergency Presentations, 1 1 Cardiorespiratory arrest in hospital, 3 2 The critically ill patient, 9 3 The unconscious patient, 21 4 Anaphylaxis, 27 5 Sepsis, 33 6 Cardiac tamponade, 43 7 Acid–base disorders, 46 8 Poisoning, 52 9 Hypothermia, 62 10 Drowning, 66 Section 2: Cardiology, 69 11 Syncope and presyncope, 71 12 Acute coronary syndromes (ACS), 78 13 Cardiac arrhythmia, 89 14 Heart failure, 107 15 Infective endocarditis, 118 16 Acute pericarditis, 125 17 Cardiomyopathies and congenital heart disease in adults, 129 18 Aortic dissection and other acute aortic syndromes, 140 19 Pulmonary hypertension, 147 20 Heart valve disease: native, prosthetic and repaired valves, 155 21 Hypertensive emergencies, 160 Section 3: Respiratory Medicine, 167 22 Acute asthma, 169 23 Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 174 24 Haemoptysis, 181 25 Respiratory infection: CAP, HAP and TB, 185 26 Bronchiectasis, 197 27 Interstitial lung disease, 204 28 Pleural disease, 214 29 Sleep-disordered breathing, 223 30 Respiratory failure: oxygenation and ventilatory support, 229 31 Venous thromboembolism, 236 Section 4: Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 247 32 Abdominal pain, 249 33 Nausea and vomiting, 255 34 Diarrhoea, 259 35 Jaundice, 265 36 Abdominal swelling, mass and hepato-splenomegaly, 268 37 Acute oesophageal disorders, 274 38 Haematemesis and melaena, 279 39 Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, 287 40 Inflammatory bowel disease, 292 41 Alcohol-related liver disease and acute medical complications, 300 42 Acute liver failure and decompensated chronic liver disease, 304 43 Biliary tract disorders and acute pancreatitis, 313 Section 5: Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, 317 44 Diabetic emergencies: DKA and HHS, 319 45 Hyperglycaemic states, 325 46 Hypoglycaemia, 328 47 Adrenal disorders, 331 48 Disorders of anterior and posterior pituitary, 338 49 Thyroid emergencies, 343 50 Parathyroid disorders, 351 51 Pancreatic endocrine disorders (non-diabetic), 358 52 Electrolyte disorders, 368 Section 6: Neurology, 383 53 Headache syndromes: including subarachnoid haemorrhage and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, 385 54 Weakness and paralysis, 391 55 Visual disturbance, 396 56 Transient ischaemic attack and stroke, 405 57 Seizures and epilepsy, 419 58 Peripheral neuropathy (acute and chronic), 426 59 Guillain–Barré syndrome, 429 60 Multiple sclerosis, 434 61 Myasthenia gravis, 442 62 Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders, 446 63 Motor neurone disease, 452 64 Raised intracranial pressure, 456 65 Acute spinal pain, 460 66 Spinal cord compression, 463 67 Functional neurological disorder in the acute setting, 467 Section 7: Geriatric Medicine, 479 68 Comprehensive geriatric assessment, 481 69 Delirium, dementia and cognitive disorders, 488 70 Perioperative medicine, 494 Section 8: Infectious Diseases, 501 71 Cellulitis and necrotising fasciitis, 503 72 Urinary tract infection, 507 73 Central nervous system infection, 514 74 Pancytopenia and febrile neutropenia, 524 75 Fever on return from abroad, 530 76 Pyrexia of unknown origin, 538 77 HIV infection, 542 78 COVID-19 and future pandemics, 549 79 Septic arthritis, 556 Section 9: Haematology, 559 80 Anaemia: blood transfusion and alternatives, 561 81 Bleeding disorders, 568 82 Thrombocytopenia and thrombosis, 571 83 Acute painful sickle cell crisis, 574 84 Common haematological malignancies, 577 85 Management of anticoagulation, 590 Section 10: Renal Medicine, 601 86 Acute kidney injury, 603 87 Chronic kidney disease, including end-stage kidney disease, 610 88 Renal tubular disorders, 618 89 Nephrotic syndrome, 625 90 Glomerular diseases, 634 Section 11: Rheumatology, 641 91 Acute arthritis, 643 92 Crystal arthropathies, 646 93 Rheumatoid arthritis, 650 94 Acute vasculitis, 656 95 Multisystem rheumatic disorders, 663 Section 12: Oncology and Palliative Care, 669 96 Complications of cancer, 671 97 Palliative and end-of-life care, 687 Section 13: Dermatology, 695 98 Acute rash, 697 99 Erythroderma and toxic epidermal necrolysis, 703 100 Urticaria and angioedema, 710 Section 14: Same Day Emergency Care, 717 101 Same-day emergency care, 719 102 Hospital at home, 725 Section 15: Miscellaneous, 731 103 Pregnancy-related medical conditions, 733 104 Capacity and consent, 742 Section 16: Practical Procedures, 747 105 Airway management and upper airway obstruction, 749 106 DC cardioversion, 759 107 Temporary cardiac pacing, 763 108 Central vein cannulation, 769 109 Intraosseous access, 775 110 Insertion of an intercostal chest drain, 778 111 Aspiration of the knee joint, 786 112 Abdominal paracentesis, 789 113 Non-invasive ventilation, 793 114 Arterial line insertion, 798 115 Point-of-care ultrasound, 802 Index, 809
Mridula Rajwani, Consultant in Acute Internal Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK. Leila Vaziri, Consultant in Acute Internal Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK. Ivie Gbinigie, Consultant in Acute Internal Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK. Previously edited by David Sprigings and John Chambers.
