A Short Medieval Reader

Contents Acknowledgments Preface Abbreviations and Symbols Reading Primary Sources: A Short Introduction I. Prelude: The Roman World Transformed (c.300–c.600) 1.1 Toleration or Favoritism? The Edict of Milan (313) 1.2 Law: The Theodosian Code (438) 1.3 The Eremitical Model: Athanasius, The Life of Saint Antony of Egypt (357) 1.4 Conversion: Augustine, Confessions (397–401) 1.5 Relating This World to the Next: Augustine, The City of God (413–426) 1.6 The Christian View of Plague: Gregory the Great, Letter to Bishop Dominic of Carthage (600) 1.7 Monasticism: The Benedictine Rule (c.530–c.560) 1.8 Merovingian Gaul’s Bishop-Historians: Gregory of Tours, Histories (576–594) II. The Emergence of Sibling Cultures (c.600–c.750) 2.1 The Iconoclastic Argument: The Synod of 754 2.2 The Sacred Text: Qur’an Suras 1, 53:1–18, 81, 87, 96, 98 (c.610–622) 2.3 Muslim Conquests: John of Nikiu, Chronicle (c.690) 2.4 Umayyad Diplomacy: The Treaty of Tudmir (713) 2.5 A Model Christian Queen: The Life of Queen Balthild (c.680) 2.6 Creating a Roman Christian Identity for England: Bede, The Ecclesiastical History of the English People (731) III. Creating New Identities (c.750–c.900) 3.1 An Abbasid Victory in Verse: Abu Tammam, The Sword Gives Truer Tidings (838) 3.2 An Early View of the Prophet: Muhammad ibn Ishaq, Life of Muhammad (754–767) 3.3 Hadith Literature: Al-Bukhari, On Fasting (9th cent.) 3.4 The Pope and the Carolingians: Pope Stephen II, Letters to King Pippin III (755–756) 3.5 Charlemagne as Roman Emperor: Einhard, Life of Charlemagne (825–826?) 3.6 Modeling the State on Old Testament Israel: The Admonitio Generalis (789) 3.7 Manors in the West: Polyptyque of the Church of Saint Mary of Marseille (814–815) IV. Political Communities Reordered (c.900–c.1050) 4.1 Fragmentation in the Islamic World: Al-Tabari, The Defeat of the Zanj Revolt (c.915) 4.2 Evanescent Centralization in al-Andalus: Ibn ‘Abd Rabbihi, Praise Be to Him (929–940) 4.3 Donating to Cluny: Cluny’s Foundation Charter (910) and various charters of donation (10th–11th cent.) 4.4 Defining Sexual Sins: Burchard of Worms, Decretum (c.1020) 4.5 Love and Complaints in Angoulême: Agreement between Count William of the Aquitainians and Hugh IV of Lusignan (1028) 4.6 The Peace of God at Bourges: Andrew of Fleury, The Miracles of St. Benedict (1040–1043) 4.7 Rebellion at Cologne: Annals of Lampert of Hersfeld (1077–1079) 4.8 The Powerful in the Byzantine Countryside: Romanus I Lecapenus, Novel (934) 4.9 Imperial Rule under Two Sisters: Michael Psellus, Zoe and Theodora (before 1063) 4.10 Poland’s Self-Image: Boleslaw’s Coin (992–1000) 4.11 The Vikings as They Saw Themselves: Egil’s Saga (10th cent. /13th cent.) 4.12 The Vikings as the English Saw Them: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (c.1048?) V. New Configurations (c.1050–c.1150) 5.1 Launching the Investiture Conflict: Pope Gregory VII (1073–1085), Admonition to Henry IV (1075) 5.2 The Royal Response: Henry IV, Letter to Gregory VII (1075) 5.3 The Bayeux Tapestry (end of the 11th cent.) 5.4 Calling the Crusade: Robert the Monk, Pope Urban II Preaches the First Crusade (1095) 5.5 Jewish Martyrs: Solomon bar Samson, Chronicle (c.1140) 5.6 The Muslim View of the First Crusade: Ibn al-Qalanisi, The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades (before 1160) 5.7 Logic: Peter Abelard, Sic et Non (?1122–1126) 5.8 On Marriage: Peter Lombard, Sentences (1148–1151) VI. Ambitions Realized and Thwarted (c.1150–c.1250) 6.1 A Troubadour Love Song: Bernart de Ventadorn, When I See the Lark (c.1147–after 1172) 6.2 Disciplining and Purifying Christendom: Decrees of Lateran IV (1215) 6.3 Mocking the Papal Bureaucracy: The Gospel According to the Marks of Silver (c.1200) 6.4 Devotion through Poverty: Peter Waldo in The Chronicle of Laon (1173–1178) 6.5 Devotion through Mysticism: Jacques de Vitry, The Life of Mary of Oignies (1213) 6.6 The Mendicant Movement: Saint Francis, A Rule for Hermitages (1217–1221) and The Testament (1226) 6.7 Saladin’s Jihad: Ibn Shaddad, The Life Saladin (1195–1216) 6.8 The Fourth Crusade: Niketas Choniates, O City of Byzantium (c.1215) 6.9 English Common Law: The Assize of Clarendon (1166) 6.10 King and Nobles: Magna Carta (1215) VII. Empires of Land and Mind (c.1250–c.1350) 7.1 The Hungarian King Bewails the Mongol Invasions: Béla IV, Letter to Pope Innocent IV (c.1250) 7.2 The Spanish Cortes: Alfonso X, Cortes of Valladolid (1258) 7.3 The Hanseatic League: Decrees of the League (1260–1264) 7.4 Jews in England: Henry III, Order to the Chief Officers of the Jewish Exchequer (1253), Edward I, Statute of the Jewry (1275) 7.5 A Charismatic Ruler: Joinville, The Life of Saint Louis (1298–1309) 7.6 The Papal Challenge: Boniface VIII, Unam sanctam (1302) 7.7 Scholasticism: Thomas Aquinas, On Love (1271) 7.8 The Vernacular Comes into Its Own: Dante, Inferno, Canto V (Paolo and Francesca) (1313–1321) 7.9 Inquisition: Jacques Fournier, Episcopal Register (1318–1325) 7.10 Gender and Its Discontents: Court Record of Rolandina Roncaglia (1354) VIII. Catastrophe and Creativity (c.1350–c.1500) 8.1 A Turkish Hero: Ashikpashazade, Othman Comes to Power (late 15th cent.) 8.2 The Effects of the Plague: Giovanni Boccaccio, Decameron (1348–1351) 8.3 Warding Off the Plague through Processions: Ibn Battuta, Travels (before 1368) 8.4 The Woolworkers (Ciompi) Revolt at Siena: Donato di Neri and His Son, Chronicle of Siena (1371) 8.5 Chivalric and Non-chivalric Models: Froissart, Chronicles (c.1400) 8.6 Aftermath of the Peasant Revolt in England: The Case of Richard de Leycester (1381) 8.7 National Feeling: Jeanne d’Arc, Letter to the English (1429)