Bernard Marcus Woodley taught Victorian literature at the University of Heidelberg, Germany, while researching for his PhD. He now works in High School education.
""Lively and erudite, Woodley's study of the eschatological dimension of British literature and theology sheds new light on the status of universalism in the Victorian period. Woodley shows that universalism--the belief that all will be saved in the end--became a widely accepted solution to the unsettling impact of biblical criticism and new scientific discoveries."" --Bernard Lightman, Distinguished Research Professor, York University ""This book is a fascinating and ground-breaking exploration of the unraveling of traditional concepts of hell in the Victorian novel and in the daring exploration of alternative theological conceptualizations of hell and salvation in such fictional works. In this welcome contribution, Woodley sheds fresh light on a surprisingly neglected subject."" --Robin A. Parry, author of A Larger Hope? Universal Salvation from the Reformation to the Nineteenth Century