A History of the Western Art Market

A Note to Readers Introduction 1. ART IN A COMMERCIAL WORLD I. Art in Society Illusions of Disinterest Paul Mattick Marx on Ideology and Art O. K. Werckmeister Avant-Garde and Kitsch Clement Greenberg The Artworld Arthur Danto Culture Industry Reconsidered Theodor W. Adorno II. The Value of Art The Cultural Biography of Things Igor Kopytoff Aura Walter Benjamin Varieties of Artistic Value in Contemporary Aesthetics Michael Hutter and Richard Shusterman The Production of Belief Pierre Bourdieu The Paradox of Rarity: Photography Raymonde Moulin Symbolic Meanings of Prices Olav Velthuis Art . . . Contemporary of Itself Jean Baudrillard 2. ARTISTS AND COLLECTORS IN THE MARKET FOR ART I. The Supply of and Demand for Works of Art Two Paradigms of Artistic Activity Xavier Greffe Arts Markets James Heilbrun and Charles M. Gray II. The Nature of the Demand for Works of Art The Synchronization of Social Change in Europe Fernand Braudel Economic Value as the Objectification of Subjective Values Georg Simmel Conspicuous Consumption and Pecuniary Canons of Taste Thorstein Veblen Collectors and Collecting Russell W. Belk Connoisseurs and Experts Jonathan Brown III. The Artist: Homo Economicus / Femina Economica Art, Honor, and Excellence Elizabeth Honig Determining Value on the Art Market in the Golden Age Eric Jan Sluijter Reference, Deference, and Difference Griselda Pollock The Trademark Tracey Emin Ulrich Lehmann Notes on the Mythic Being I–III Adrian Piper Whose Image Is It? Barbara Hoffman IV. The Art Market Property and Exhibition Rights Walter Santagata Informational Efficiency of the Art Market William N. Goetzmann The Market for Modern Prints James E. Pesando 3. THE ITALIAN CITY-STATES The Culture of Consumption Richard A. Goldthwaite Conditions of Trade Michael Baxandall Italian Artists in Sixteenth-Century England Cinzia Maria Sicca Leonardo and Leonardism Luke Syson Marketing Richard E. Spear The Market for Paintings in Italy Federico Etro and Laura Pagani The Gender and Internationalism of Rosalba Carriera Shearer West Letters to Isabella Stewart Gardner Bernard Berenson 4. ANTWERP The Business of Art: Patrons, Clients, and Markets Maryan W. Ainsworth Marketing Art in Antwerp Dan Ewing Pieter Aertsen’s Meat Stall as Contemporary Art Charlotte Houghton Second Bosch Larry Silver A Sixteenth-Century Master-Pupil Contract Exporting Art across the Globe Filip Vermeylen Trade and Art in Seventeenth-Century Antwerp Elizabeth Alice Honig Rubens’s Studio Practice Hans Vlieghe 5. AMSTERDAM On Brabant Rubbish, Economic Competition, Artistic Rivalry, and the Growth of the Market for Paintings Eric Jan Sluijter Cost and Value in Dutch Art John Michael Montias Art Dealers in the Netherlands John Michael Montias Italian Paintings in Holland Bert W. Meijer Freedom, Art, and Money Svetlana Alpers Letters to Constantijn Huygens, ca. 1639 Rembrandt Attributions in Auction Catalogs Koenraad Jonckheere The Solliciteur-Culturel Koenraad Jonckheere 6. GERMANY AND SPAIN I. Germany The Reformation and the Decline of German Art Carl C. Christensen Art Auctions in Germany during the Eighteenth Century Thomas Ketelsen II. Spain Painting in Spain, 1500–1700 Jonathan Brown Exploring Markets in Spain and Nueva España Neil De Marchi and Hans J. van Miegroet Spanish Art and Global Discourse Miguel A. Hernández-Navarro 7. LONDON Picture Consumption in London Carol Gibson-Wood The Art Market Iain Pears England and the Netherlands Compared David Ormrod Engraving Tobias Smollett Hogarth Ronald Paulson Portrait Painting as a Business Enterprise Marcia Pointon Christie’s Auction House Thomas M. Bayer and John R. Page Art Collecting and Victorian Middle-Class Taste Dianne Sachko MacLeod David Thomson and the Goupil Gallery Anne Helmreich Whistler and the English Print Market Martha Tedeschi Roger Fry’s Commercial Exhibitions Anna Gruetzner Robins 8. PARIS Gersaint and the Marketing of Art Andrew McClellan David and the “Exposition Payante” Oskar Bätschmann Noising Things Abroad Steven R. Adams An Italian Patron of French Neo-Classic Art Francis Haskell Circuits of Production, Circuits of Consumption Nicholas Green Dealing in Temperaments Nicholas Green Courbet’s Landscapes and Their Market Anne M. Wagner The Retrospective Exhibition Robert Jensen Entrepreneurial Patronage in Nineteenth-Century France Albert Boime Ambroise Vollard Correspondence Paul Gauguin Vollard’s Bronzes Una Johnson La Peau de l’Ours and Galerie Berthe Weill Michael Cowan Fitzgerald The Steins’ Early Years in Paris Rebecca Rabinow The Avant-Garde, Order, and the Art Market Malcolm Gee Galeries Georges Petit Michael C. Fitzgerald Painting as a Safe Investment Raymonde Moulin 9. ART CONSUMPTION IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA Touching Pictures by William Harnett Michael Leja Winslow Homer as Entrepreneur Kevin M. Murphy J. P. Morgan’s Renaissance Bronzes Flaminia Gennari-Santori The Armory Show Katherine S. Dreier Alfred Stieglitz Sarah Greenough Diary of an Art Dealer René Gimpel Vollard Edith Halpert Press Release, Art of This Century The Exhibitions at Art of This Century Jasper Sharp 10. NEW YORK Artists and Dealers Dore Ashton Mark Rothko James E. B. Breslin The New York Art Market ca. 1960 A. Deirdre Robson Clement Greenberg André Emmerich Mike Wallace Interviews Marcel Duchamp Leo Castelli Gallery Richard Brown Baker Mr. Andy Warhol Arthur Danto The Gutman Letter Michael Benedikt Unpublished Notes Ad Reinhardt Revaluing Minimalism Anna C. Chave Land Artists and Art Markets Victor Ginsburgh and A. F. Penders Unpackaging Simulationism Alison Pearlman 11. THE GLOBAL ART MARKET The Art Market in the 1980s Paul Ardenne Video Art Noah Horowitz Money Is No Object Francis M. Naumann The Internationalization of the Contemporary Art World Alain Quemin Neo-modernity, Neo-biennalism, Neo-fairism Paco Barragán Acknowledgments Bibliography Index