Susanne Hay, MD is an academic neonatologist with an interest in evidence-based care. She graduated from Harvard College and earned a medical degree from Columbia College of Physicians & Surgeons. She went on to train in pediatrics in the Boston Combined Residency Program, and then completed the Harvard Combined Fellowship in Neonatology. Dr. Hay is now an attending neonatologist at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and an instructor in pediatrics at the Harvard Medical School. Her primary research focus is data synthesis, evaluating the neonatal research landscape and how we know what we know, as well as how we might address inefficiencies. Roger F. Soll, MD is the H. Wallace Professor of Neonatology at the University of Vermont, Vice President of the Vermont Oxford Network (VON) and Director of the VON Institute for Evidence Based Practice. He is the author of numerous peer reviewed articles and book chapters on the subject of surfactant replacement therapy and evidence-based medicine. Dr. Soll graduated from Cornell University in 1975 and received his M.D. degree from the University of Health Sciences/Chicago Medical School in 1978. He completed his residency training in Pediatrics at Bellevue Hospital/New York University Medical Center in 1981. After 2 years with the Public Health Service, Dr. Soll returned to academic training. He completed the fellowship in Neonatal Perinatal Medicine at the University of Vermont in 1985 and has remained in Vermont ever since. Barbara Schmidt, MD, MSc is a neonatologist and clinical epidemiologist who led three large international neonatal randomized trials with clinically important, long-term outcomes: (1) Trial of Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterms (TIPP); (2) Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity (CAP) Trial; and (3) Canadian Oxygen Trial (COT). Dr. Schmidt has received the highest honors in her specialty, including the Douglas K Richardson Award from the Society for Pediatric Research, the Virginia Apgar Award from the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Arvo Ylppo¨ Medal from the Finnish Pediatric Research Foundation. She is a member of the Order of Canada. Haresh Kirpalani, MD, MSc is a neonatologist and clinical epidemiologist. He led three large randomized trials with clinically important outcomes: (1) Nasal Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) (2) Transfusion of Prematures (TOP); and (3) Sustained Aeration of Infant Lungs (SAIL). He has received several prizes for teaching and mentorship, for clinical neonatology and principles of evidence based practice. He was a founding member of