Processing Inaccurate Information: Theoretical and Applied Perspectives from Cognitive Science and the...

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David N. Rapp (Associate Professor, Northwestern University) Jason L.G. Braasch

Processing Inaccurate Information

Theoretical and Applied Perspectives from Cognitive Science and the Educational Sciences

David N. Rapp (Associate Professor, Northwestern University), Jason L.G. Braasch

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MIT Press
04 April 2023

Cognition & cognitive psychology

Interdisciplinary approaches to identifying, understanding, and remediating people's reliance on inaccurate information that they should know to be wrong.

Interdisciplinary approaches to identifying, understanding, and remediating people's reliance on inaccurate information that they should know to be wrong.

Our lives revolve around the acquisition of information. Sometimes the information we acquire-from other people, from books, or from the media-is wrong. Studies show that people rely on such misinformation, sometimes even when they are aware that the information is inaccurate or invalid. And yet investigations of learning and knowledge acquisition largely ignore encounters with this sort of problematic material. This volume fills the gap, offering theoretical and empirical perspectives on the processing of misinformation and its consequences.

The contributors, from cognitive science and education science, provide analyses that represent a variety of methodologies, theoretical orientations, and fields of expertise. The chapters describe the behavioral consequences of relying on misinformation and outline possible remediations; discuss the cognitive activities that underlie encounters with inaccuracies, investigating why reliance occurs so readily; present theoretical and philosophical considerations of the nature of inaccuracies; and offer formal, empirically driven frameworks that detail when and how inaccuracies will lead to comprehension difficulties.

Contributors

Peter Afflerbach, Patricia A. Alexander, Jessica J. Andrews, Peter Baggetta, Jason L. G. Braasch, Ivar Br ten, M. Anne Britt, Rainer Bromme, Luke A. Buckland, Clark A. Chinn, Byeong-Young Cho, Sidney K. D'Mello, Andrea A. diSessa, Ullrich K. H. Ecker, Arthur C. Graesser, Douglas J. Hacker, Brenda Hannon, Xiangen Hu, Maj-Britt Isberner, Koto Ishiwa, Matthew E. Jacovina, Panayiota Kendeou, Jong-Yun Kim, Stephan Lewandowsky, Elizabeth J. Marsh, Ruth Mayo, Keith K. Millis, Edward J. O'Brien, Herre van Oostendorp, Jose Otero, David N. Rapp, Tobias Richter, Ronald W. Rinehart, Yaacov Schul, Colleen M. Seifert, Marc Stadtler, Brent Steffens, Helge I. Str ms , Briony Swire, Sharda Umanath

Edited by: David N. Rapp (Associate Professor Northwestern University), Jason L.G. Braasch
Imprint: MIT Press
Country of Publication: United States
Dimensions: Height: 229mm, Width: 178mm,
Weight: 369g
ISBN: 9780262547680
ISBN 10: 0262547686
Pages: 480
Publication Date: 04 April 2023
Recommended Age: From 18 years
Audience: Professional and scholarly , Undergraduate
Format: Paperback
Publisher's Status: Active

Acknowledgments vii Contributors ix 1 Accurate and Inaccurate Knowledge Acquisition 1 David N. Rapp and Jason L. G. Braasch I Detecting and Dealing with Inaccuracies 11 2 Correcting Misinformation--A Challenge for Education and Cognitive Science 13 Ullrich K. H. Ecker, Briony Swire, and Stephan Lewandowsky 3 The Continued Influence Effect: The Persistence of Misinformation in Memory and Reasoning Following Correction 39 Colleen M. Seifert 4 Failures to Detect Textual Problems during Reading 73 Douglas J. Hacker 5 Research on Semantic Illusions Tells Us That There Are Multiple Sources of Misinformation 93 Brenda Hannon 6 Sensitivity to Inaccurate Argumentation in Health News Articles: Potential Contributions of Readers' Topic and Epistemic Beliefs 117 Jason L. G. Braasch, Ivar Braten, M. Anne Britt, Brent Steffens, and Helge I. Stromso 7 Conversational Agents Can Help Humans Identify Flaws in the Science Reported in Digital Media 139 II Mechanisms of Inaccurate Knowledge Acquisition 159 8 Knowledge Neglect: Failures to Notice Contradictions with Stored Knowledge Elizabeth J. Marsh and Sharda Umanath 161 9 Mechanisms of Problematic Knowledge Acquisition 181 David N. Rapp, Matthew E. Jacovina, and Jessica J. Andrews 10 Discounting Information: When False Information Is Preserved and When It Is Not 203 Yaacov Schul and Ruth Mayo 11 The Ambivalent Effect of Focus on Updating Mental Representations 223 Herre van Oostendorp 12 Comprehension and Validation: Separable Stages of Information Processing? A Case for Episetemic Monitoring in Language Comprehension 245 III Epistemological Groundings 277 13 An Epistemological Perspective on Misinformation 279 Andrea A. diSessa 14 Percept-Concept Coupling and Human Error 297 Patricia A. Alexander and Peter Baggetta 15 Cognitive Processing of Conscious Ignorance 329 Jose Otero and Koto Ishiwa IV Emerging Models and Frameworks 351 16 The Knowledge Revision Components (KReC) Framework: Processes and Mechanisms 353 Panayiota Kendeou and Edward J. O'Brien 17 The Content-Source Integration Model: A Taxonomic Description of How Readers Comprehend Conflicting Scientific Information 397 Marc Stadtler and Rainer Bromme 18 Inaccuracy and Reading in Multiple Text and Internet/Hypertext Environments 403 Peter Afflerbach, Byeong-Young Cho, and Jong-Yun Kim 19 Epistemic Cognition and Evaluating Information: Applying the AIR Model of Epistemic Cognition 425 Clark A. Chinn, Ronald W. Rinehart, and Luke A. Buckland Index 455

David N. Rapp is Associate Professor of Cognitive Psychology at Northwestern University. Jason L. G. Braasch is Assistant Professor of Cognitive Psychology at the University of Memphis.