Manuel Alector Ribeiro is Associate Professor in Tourism Management at the University of Surrey, UK; Senior Research Fellow in the School of Tourism and Hospitality Management at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa; and Research Member in the Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well- being (Cinturs) at the University of Algarve, Portugal. Kyle Maurice Woosnam is Professor of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management at the Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia, USA and Senior Research Fellow in the School of Tourism and Hospitality Management at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa.