Immerse yourself in the spectacular visuals and dynamic content of Principles of Human Anatomy. Designed for the one-term Human Anatomy course, this textbook raises the standard for excellence in the discipline with its enhanced illustration program, refined narrative, and dynamic resources. Principles of Human Anatomy is a rich digital experience, giving students the ability to learn and explore human anatomy both inside and outside of the classroom.
By:
Gerard J. Tortora (Bergen Community College),
Mark Nielsen (University of Utah)
Imprint: John Wiley & Sons Inc
Country of Publication: United States
Edition: 15th Revised edition
Dimensions:
Height: 277mm,
Width: 213mm,
Spine: 36mm
Weight: 1.837kg
ISBN: 9781119662761
ISBN 10: 1119662761
Pages: 1088
Publication Date: 29 October 2020
Audience:
College/higher education
,
Primary
Format: Loose-leaf
Publisher's Status: Active
1 An Introduction to the Human Body 1 1.1 Anatomy Defined 2 1.2 Levels of Body Organization and Body Systems 3 1.3 Life Processes 8 1.4 Basic Anatomical Terminology 9 1.5 Body Cavities 14 1.6 Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants 18 1.7 The Human Body and Disease 20 1.8 Aging 20 1.9 Medical Imaging 21 1.10 Measuring the Human Body 24 Chapter Review 25 / Critical Thinking Questions 26 / Answers to Figure Questions 26 2 Cells 27 2.1 A Generalized Cell 28 2.2 The Plasma Membrane 29 2.3 Cytoplasm 35 2.4 Nucleus 44 2.5 Cell Division 47 2.6 Cellular Diversity 54 2.7 Aging and Cells 56 Key Medical Terms Associated with Cells 57 / Chapter Review 58 / Critical Thinking Questions 60 / Answers to Figure Questions 60 3 Tissues 61 3.1 Types of Tissues 62 3.2 Cell Junctions 63 3.3 Comparison Between Epithelial and Connective Tissues 64 3.4 Epithelial Tissue 65 3.5 Connective Tissue 77 3.6 Membranes 90 3.7 Muscular Tissue 92 3.8 Nervous Tissue 92 3.9 Aging and Tissues 94 Key Medical Terms Associated with Tissues 95 / Chapter Review 95 / Critical Thinking Questions 97 / Answers to Figure Questions 97 4 Development 98 4.1 Principles of Development 99 4.2 Embryonic Period 100 4.3 Fetal Period 117 4.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy 120 4.5 Labor 120 Key Medical Terms Associated with Development 122 / Chapter Review 123 / Critical Thinking Questions 124 / Answers to Figure Questions 124 5 The Integumentary System 125 5.1 Structure of the Skin 126 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin 134 5.3 Types of Skin 143 5.4 Functions of the Skin 143 5.5 Development of the Integumentary System 146 5.6 Aging and the Integumentary System 146 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Integumentary System 148 / Chapter Review 149 / Critical Thinking Questions 150 / Answers to Figure Questions 151 6 Bone Tissue 152 6.1 Functions of Bone and the Skeletal System 153 6.2 Types of Bones 153 6.3 Anatomy of a Bone 154 6.4 Bone Surface Markings 156 6.5 Histology of Bone Tissue 156 6.6 Blood and Nerve Supply of Bone 162 6.7 Bone Formation 163 6.8 Fractures 170 6.9 Exercise and Bone Tissue 173 6.10 Aging and Bone Tissue 173 6.11 Factors Affecting Bone Growth 173 Key Medical Terms Associated with Bone Tissue 175 / Chapter Review 175 / Critical Thinking Questions 176 / Answers to Figure Questions 177 7 The Skeletal System: The Axial Skeleton 178 7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System 179 7.2 Skull or Cranium 181 7.3 Hyoid Bone 209 7.4 Vertebral Column 209 7.5 Thorax 223 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Axial Skeleton 227 / Chapter Review 228 / Critical Thinking Questions 229 / Answers to Figure Questions 229 8 The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton 230 8.1 Skeleton of the Upper Limb 231 8.2 Skeleton of the Lower Limb 244 8.3 Greater and Lesser Pelves 250 8.4 Comparison of Female and Male Pelves 252 8.5 Comparison of Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles 252 8.6 Development of the Skeletal System 262 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Appendicular Skeleton 265 / Chapter Review 265 / Critical Thinking Questions 266 / Answers to Figure Questions 266 9 Joints 267 9.1 Joint Classifications 268 9.2 Fibrous Joints 268 9.3 Cartilaginous Joints 270 9.4 Synovial Joints 271 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints 274 9.6 Types of Synovial Joints 280 9.7 Factors Affecting Contact and Range of Motion at Synovial Joints 283 9.8 Selected Joints of the Body 284 9.9 Aging and Joints 302 Key Medical Terms Associated with Joints 303 / Chapter Review 304 / Critical Thinking Questions 305 / Answers to Figure Questions 305 10 Muscular Tissue 306 10.1 Overview of Muscular Tissue 307 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Structure 308 10.3 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Function 317 10.4 Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 325 10.5 Exercise and Skeletal Muscle Tissue 327 10.6 Cardiac Muscle Tissue 328 10.7 Smooth Muscle Tissue 330 10.8 Development of Muscles 332 10.9 Aging and Muscular Tissue 334 Key Medical Terms Associated with Muscular Tissue 334 / Chapter Review 334 / Critical Thinking Questions 336 / Answers to Figure Questions 336 11 The Muscular System 337 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements 338 11.2 How Skeletal Muscles Are Named 343 11.3 Principal Skeletal Muscles 343 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Muscular System 439 / Chapter Review 440 / Critical Thinking Questions 441 / Answers to Figure Questions 441 12 The Cardiovascular System: Blood 443 12.1 Functions of Blood 444 12.2 Physical Characteristics of Blood 444 12.3 Components of Blood 445 12.4 Formation of Blood Cells 448 12.5 Red Blood Cells 450 12.6 White Blood Cells 454 12.7 Platelets 457 12.8 Stem Cell Transplants from Bone Marrow and Cord Blood 460 Key Medical Terms Associated with Blood 460 / Chapter Review 461 / Critical Thinking Questions 462 / Answers to Figure Questions 462 13 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart 463 13.1 Location and Surface Projection of the Heart 464 13.2 Structure and Function of the Heart 466 13.3 Circulation of Blood 477 13.4 Cardiac Conduction System and Innervation 480 13.5 Cardiac Cycle (Heartbeat) 483 13.6 Heart Sounds 484 13.7 Exercise and the Heart 485 13.8 Development of the Heart 489 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Heart 491 / Chapter Review 492 / Critical Thinking Questions 493 / Answers to Figure Questions 493 14 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels 494 14.1 Anatomy of Blood Vessels 495 14.2 Circulatory Routes—Systemic Circulation 504 14.3 Circulatory Routes—Hepatic Portal Circulation 548 14.4 Circulatory Routes—Pulmonary Circulation 549 14.5 Circulatory Routes—Fetal Circulation 550 14.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Blood 554 14.7 Aging and the Cardiovascular System 554 Key Medical Terms Associated with Blood vessels 556 / Chapter Review 557 / Critical Thinking Questions 558 / Answers to Figure Questions 558 15 The Lymphoid (Lymphatic) System and Immunity 559 15.1 The Concept of Immunity 560 15.2 Lymphoid (Lymphatic) System Structure and Functions 560 15.3 Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Circulation 563 15.4 Lymphoid Organs and Tissues 566 15.5 Principal Groups of Lymph Nodes 573 15.6 Development of Lymphoid Tissues 584 15.7 Aging and the Lymphoid System 584 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Lymphoid System and Immunity 586 / Chapter Review 587 / Critical Thinking Questions 588 / Answers to Figure Questions 588 16 Nervous Tissue 589 16.1 Overview of the Nervous System 590 16.2 Histology and Functions of Neurons 592 16.3 Histology and Function of Neuroglia 598 16.4 Neural Circuits 603 16.5 Regeneration and Neurogenesis 604 Key Medical Terms Associated with Nervous Tissue 605 / Chapter Review 605 / Critical Thinking Questions 606 / Answers to Figure Questions 607 17 The Spinal Cord and the Spinal Nerves 608 17.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy 609 17.2 Spinal Nerves 615 17.3 Spinal Cord Functions 633 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Spinal Cord and the Spinal Nerves 636 / Chapter Review 637 / Critical Thinking Questions 637 / Answers to Figure Questions 638 18 The Brain and the Cranial Nerves 639 18.1 Development and General Structure of the Brain 640 18.2 Protection and Blood Supply 641 18.3 The Brainstem and Reticular Formation 649 18.4 The Cerebellum 655 18.5 The Diencephalon 657 18.6 The Cerebrum 661 18.7 Functional Organization of the Cerebral Cortex 667 18.8 Aging and the Nervous System 673 18.9 Cranial Nerves 673 Brain and the Cranial Nerves 690 / Chapter Review 691 / Critical Thinking Questions 693 / Answers to Figure Questions 693 19 The Autonomic Division of the Peripheral Nervous System 694 19.1 Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Division of the Peripheral Nervous Systems 695 19.2 Anatomy of Autonomic Motor Pathway 697 19.3 Structure of the Sympathetic Part 701 19.4 Structure of the Parasympathetic Part 706 19.5 ANS Neurotransmitters and Receptors 709 19.6 Functions of the ANS 711 19.7 Integration and Control of Autonomic Functions 714 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Autonomic Nervous Division 715 / Chapter Review 716 / Critical Thinking Questions 717 / Answers to Figure Questions 717 20 Somatic Senses and Motor Control 718 20.1 Overview of Sensations 719 20.2 Somatic Sensations 721 20.3 Somatic Sensory Pathways 727 20.4 Somatic Motor Pathways 731 20.5 Integration of Sensory Input and Motor Output 737 Key Medical Terms Associated with Somatic Senses and Motor Control 737 / Chapter Review 738 / Critical Thinking Questions 739 / Answers to Figure Questions 739 21 Special Senses 740 21.1 Olfaction: Sense of Smell 741 21.2 Gustation: Sense of Taste 743 21.3 Vision 746 21.4 Hearing and Equilibrium 757 21.5 Development of the Eyes and Ears 773 21.6 Aging and the Special Senses 775 Key Medical Terms Associated with Special Senses 776 / Chapter Review 776 / Critical Thinking Questions 777 / Answers to Figure Questions 778 22 The Endocrine System 779 22.1 Endocrine Glands Defined 780 22.2 Hormones 780 22.3 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland 782 22.4 Pineal Gland and Thymus 788 22.5 Thyroid Gland and Parathyroid Glands 788 22.6 Suprarenal (Adrenal) Glands 792 22.7 Pancreas 795 22.8 Ovaries and Testes 798 22.9 Other Endocrine Tissues 799 22.10 Development of the Endocrine System 800 22.11 Aging and the Endocrine System 801 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Endocrine System 802 / Chapter Review 802 / Critical Thinking Questions 804 / Answers to Figure Questions 804 23 The Respiratory System 805 23.1 Respiratory System Anatomy 806 23.2 Upper Respiratory System Anatomy 806 23.3 Lower Respiratory System Anatomy 811 23.4 Mechanics of Pulmonary Ventilation (Breathing) 831 23.5 Regulation of Breathing 834 23.6 Exercise and the Respiratory System 837 23.7 Development of the Respiratory System 838 23.8 Aging and the Respiratory System 839 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Respiratory System 840 / Chapter Review 840 / Critical Thinking Questions 841 / Answers to Figure Questions 841 24 The Digestive System 843 24.1 Overview of the Digestive System 844 24.2 Layers of the Digestive Canal 845 24.3 Peritoneum 847 24.4 Mouth 850 24.5 Pharynx 857 24.6 Esophagus 857 24.7 Stomach 860 24.8 Pancreas 865 24.9 Liver and Gallbladder 867 24.10 Small Intestine 873 24.11 Large Intestine 883 24.12 Development of the Digestive System 888 24.13 Aging and the Digestive System 889 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Digestive System 890 / Chapter Review 891 / Critical Thinking Questions 892 / Answers to Figure Questions 893 25 The Urinary System 894 25.1 Overview of the Urinary System 895 25.2 Anatomy of the Kidneys 896 25.3 The Nephron 901 25.4 Functions of Nephrons 907 25.5 Urine Transportation, Storage, and Elimination 911 25.6 Development of the Urinary System 918 25.7 Aging and the Urinary System 919 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Urinary System 919 / Chapter Review 920 / Critical Thinking Questions 921 / Answers to Figure Questions 921 26 The Genital (Reproductive) Systems 922 26.1 Male Genital (Reproductive) System 923 26.2 Female Genital (Reproductive) System 937 26.3 Female Reproductive Cycle 957 26.4 Birth Control Methods and Abortion 960 26.5 Development of the Genital Systems 965 26.6 Aging and the Genital Systems 965 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Genital Systems 968 / Chapter Review 969 / Critical Thinking Questions 970 / Answers to Figure Questions 971 27 Surface Anatomy 972 27.1 Overview of Surface Anatomy 973 Chapter Review 997 / Critical Thinking Questions 997 / Answers to Figure Questions 998 Appendix A Measurements A-1 Appendix B Answers B-3 Glossary G-1 Index I-1