Hybrid Actors

Armed Groups and State Fragmentation in the Middle East

Thanassis Cambanis, Dina Esfandiary, Sima Ghaddar , Michael Wahid Hanna

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English

The Century Foundation
30 December 2019

Political science & theory; International relations; Geopolitics; Human rights; Freedom of information & freedom of speech

Influential armed groups continue to confound policymakers, diplomats, and analysts decades after their transformational arrival on the scene in the Middle East and North Africa. The most effective of these militias can most usefully be understood as hybrid actors, which simultaneously work through, with, and against the state.

This joint report from The Century Foundation identifies the factors that make some hybrid actors persistent and successful, as measured by longevity, influence, and ability to project power militarily as well as politically. It finds that three factors correlate most closely with impact: constituent loyalty, resilient state relationships, and coherent ideology.

The authors of this report examined cases in Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq, drawing on years of fieldwork, to distinguish hybrid actors, classic nonstate proxies, and aspirants to statehoodall of which merit different analytical and policy treatment. The report demonstrates the ways that groups can shift along a spectrum as they adapt to changing conditions.

By: Thanassis Cambanis, Dina Esfandiary, Sima Ghaddar, Michael Wahid Hanna, Aron Lund
Imprint: The Century Foundation
Country of Publication: United States
Dimensions: Height: 229mm, Width: 152mm,
Weight: 303g
ISBN: 9780870785597
ISBN 10: 0870785591
Pages: 192
Publication Date: 30 December 2019
Audience: Professional and scholarly , Undergraduate
Format: Paperback
Publisher's Status: Active

Thanassis Cambanis is a senior fellow at The Century Foundation who specializes in the Middle East and U.S. foreign policy. His most recent book, Once Upon A Revolution: An Egyptian Story (Simon and Schuster: 2015), chronicles Egyptian efforts to create a new political order. Michael Wahid Hanna is a senior fellow at The Century Foundation and an adjunct senior fellow at the Center of Law and Security at New York University School of Law. He works on issues of international security, international law, and U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East and South Asia.

Reviews for Hybrid Actors: Armed Groups and State Fragmentation in the Middle East

Cambanis and his colleagues at the Century Foundation have produced a timely and provocative discussion about a particularly challenging kind of armed nonstate actor in the Middle East. ... Hybrid groups cannot be wished away, and policymakers must better understand this new feature of the regional landscape. - Lisa Anderson, Foreign Affairs