Chemical Principles

Fundamentals Introduction and orientation A Matter and energy B Elements and atoms C Compounds D Nomenclature E Moles and molar masses F The determination of composition G Mixtures and solutions H Chemical equations I Precipitation Reactions J Acids and bases K Redox reactions L Reaction stoichiometry M Limiting reactants Focus 1: Atoms 1A Investigating atoms 1B Quantum theory 1C Wavefunctions and energy levels 1D The hydrogen atom 1E Many-electron atoms 1F Periodicity   Focus 2: Bonds Between Atoms 2A Ionic bonding 2B Covalent bonding 2C Beyond the octet rule 2D The properties of bonds 2E The VSEPR Model 2F Valence-Bond theory 2G Molecular Orbital theory   Focus 3: States of matter 3A The nature of gasses 3B The gas law in action 3C Gases in mixtures and reactions 3D Intermolecular forces 3E Real gasses 3F Liquids 3G Solids   Focus 4: Thermodynamics 4A Internal Energy 4B Work and Heat 4C Enthalpy 4D Thermochemistry 4E Contributions to enthalpy 4F Entropy 4G The molecular interpretation of entropy 4H Absolute entropies 4I Global changes in entropy 4J Gibbs free energy   Focus 5: Equilibrium 5A Vapor pressure 5B Phase Equilibria of one-component systems 5C Phase equilibria in two-component systems 5D Solubility 5E Colligative properties 5F Chemical equilibrium 5G Alternative forms of the equilibrium constant 5H Equilibrium calculations 5I The response of equilibria to changes in conditions Focus 6: Reactions 6A The nature of acids and bases 6B Autoprotolysis and pH 6C Weak acids and bases 6D The pH of aqueous solutions 6E Polyprotic acids 6F The pH of Very Dilute Solutions 6G Buffers 6H Acid-base titrations 6I Solubility equilibria 6J Precipitation 6K Representing redox reactions 6L Galvanic cells 6M Standard potentials 6N Applications of electrode potentials 6O Electrolysis   Focus 7: Kinetics 7A Reaction rates 7B Integrated rate laws 7C Reaction mechanisms 7D Models of reactions 7E Catalysis   Focus 8: Materials 8A Periodic trends 8B Hydrogen 8C Group 1: The alkali metals 8D Group 2: The alkaline Earth Metals 8E Group 13: The boron family 8F Group 14: The carbon family 8G Group 15: The nitrogen family 8H Group 16: The oxygen family 8I Group 17: The halogens 8J Group 18: The noble gases 8K The d-Block Elements: A Survey 8L Coordination Compounds 8M The Electronic Structure of d-Metal Complexes Focus 9: Nuclear Chemistry 10A Nuclear decay 10B Radioactivity 10C Nuclear energy   Focus 10: Organic Chemistry 11A Structures of aliphatic hydrocarbons 11B Reactions of aliphatic hydrocarbons 11C Aromatic compounds 11D Common functional groups 11E Polymers and biological macromolecules   Major Techniques (Online Only) 1 Infrared and microwave spectroscopy 2 Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy 3 X-ray diffraction 4 Chromatography 5 Mass spectrometry 6 Nuclear magnetic resonance 7 Computation