Basic Anesthesia Review

BASIC SCIENCES Anatomy 1. Topographical Anatomy as Landmarks 2. General radiographic anatomy 3. Neck anatomy 4. Chest 5. Back and Pelvis 6. Extremities 7. Dermatome anatomy 8. Brain and Skull 9. Spine anatomy 10. Abdominal Wall 11. Upper Extremity 12. Lower Extremity Mechanics 13. Pressure Measurement of Gases, Liquids 14. Transducers, Regulators, Medical Gas Cylinders 15. Principles of Ultrasound 16. Flow Velocity 17. Flowmeters 18. Principles of Doppler Ultrasound 19. Properties of Liquids, Gases, and Vapors 20. Vapor Pressure and Calculation of Anesthetic Concentrations 21. Vaporizer Types and Safety Features 22. Uptake and Distribution of Inhalation Agents 23. Uptake and Elimination Curves 24. Concentration Effect 25. Second Gas Effect 26. Nitrous Oxide and Closed Spaces 27. Principles 28. Components 29. Circle Systems 30. Non-Circle Systems 31. Portable Ventilation Devices 32. Carbon Dioxide Absorption 33. Toxicity of Inhaled Anesthetics 34. Oxygen Supply Systems 35. Waste Gas Evacuation Systems 36. Safety Features (include disconnect monitors, line isolation monitors, and current leakage) 37. Monitoring Methods 38. Neuromuscular Function 39. Mechanism of Pulmonary Ventilation 40. Methods of Monitoring Oxygen 41. Blood Pressure Monitoring Methods 42. Heart Function: Heart tones, EKG, and Echo 43. Echocardiography Instrumentation 44. Gas Concentrations 45. Pressure Transducers 46. Neurologic Function Monitors. 47. Fluid Warmers and Autotransfusion Devices 48. Body Warming Devices 49. Mechanical Ventilators 50. Defibrillators: Basic Physics and Anesthetic Implications 51. Electrical; Fire and Explosion Hazards; Basic Electronics 52. Intravascular Pumps Mathematics 53. Statistics and Simple Math in Anesthesia Practice Pharmacology 54. Pharmacokinetics and PHarmacodynamoics 55. Drug Absroption and Distribution 56. Pharmokinetics of Neuraxial Anesthesia 57. Tolerance and Tachyphylaxis 58. Termination of Action 59. Impact of Renal Disease 60. Impact of Hepatic Disease 61. Drug Internations 62. Hepatic Blood Flow 63. Drug-Drug Binding 64. Alternative and Herbal Medicines: Perioperative Implications 65. Drug Reactions 66. Anesthetics: Gases and Vapors 67. Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) 68. Trace Concentrations, OR Pollution, Personnel Hazards 69. Comparative Pharmacodynamics of Inhaled Anesthetics 70. Intravenous Opioid Anesthetics 71. Substance Use Disorder 72. Epidural and Intrathecal Anesthesia 73.Barbiturates 74. Propofol 75. Etomidate 76. Benzodiazepines 77. Ketamine 78. Dexmedetomidine 79. Thiopental 80. Sodium Bicarbonate 81. Nitroglycerin and Sodium Nitroprusside 82. Nicardipine and Other Antihypertensive Medications 83. Calcium Channel Blockers 84. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors 85. Anticonvulsants 86. Local Anesthetics 87. Muscle Relaxants 88. Medication Assisted Opioid Withdrawal 89. Agents and Technqieus in Pediatric Anesthesiology CLINICAL SCIENCES Anesthesia Procedures, Methods, and Techniques 90. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Preoperative Testing Guidelines 91. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines for Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation 92. ASA Classification 93. Prepartion for Anesthesia/Premedication 94. Interaction with Chronic Drug Therapy 95. Adverse Reactions to Premedications 96. Drug Abuse 97. Intraocular Pressure 98. Uremia 99. Increased Cerebro Spinal Fluid Pressure 100. Chronic Steroid Ingestion 101. Obstructive Sleep Apnea 102. Depression 103. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 104. Hypertension 105. Malignancy 106. Pediatric and Geriatric Doses, Routes of Administration 107. Anesthetic Management of Patients with Allergies 108. NPO and Full Stomach Status 109. Alteration of Gastric Fluid Volume and pH, Sphincter Tone 110. Continuation versus Discontinuation of Chronic Medications 111. Prophylactic Cardiac Risk Reduction 112. Prophylactic Antibiotics 113. COMA 114. Minimal Invasive Cardiac Surgery 115. Abdonimal Aortic Aneurysm 116, Anesthetic Choice in Reduced Renal Function 117. Fluid Replacement Strategies and Controversies 118. Problems of Termy and Delivery 119. Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy Regional Anesthesia 120. Spinal, Epidural, Caudal, Combined Spinal/Epidural 121. Intravenous Regional Anesthesia 122. Neuroaxial Anesthesia in Obstetrics General Anesthesia 123. Stages and Signs of Anesthesia 124. Techniques of General Anesthesia 125. Assessment/Identification of Difficult Airway 126. Techniques for Managing Airway 127. Airway Devices 128. Surgical Airway 129. Endobronchial Intubation 130. Types of Endotracheal Tubes 131. Supraglottic Secretion Sunctioning and LASER Safety Protocols 132. Intravenous Fluid Therapy During Anesthesia 133. Colloids, Albumin, Hetastarch, and Pentastarch 134. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol for Fluid Therapy 135. Acute Postoperative and Posttraumatic Pain 136. Indications and Contraindications: Outpatient Pediatric Anesthesia in an Ambulatory Surgical Center Common Complications 137. Trauma 138. Vascular Injuries 139. Neurological Complications 140. Bruns 141. Chronic Environmental Exposure 142. Hypothermia 143. Nonmalignant Hyperthermia 144. Acetylcholinesterase-inhibitor Toxicity 145. Bronchospasm 146. Latex Allergy 147. Laryngospasm 148. Postobstructive Pulmonary Edema 149. Aspiration of Gastric Contents 150. Malignant Hyperthermia 151. Pain Relief 152. Opiods 153. Agonist-Antogonists 154. Alpha-2 Agonists 155. NSAIDS 156. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonists 157. Tricyclic Antidepressants 158. Slective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRIs) 159. Other Modalities 160. Acupuncture and Hypnosis 161. Respiratory Consequences of General and Regiona Anesthesia 162. Cardiovascualr Consequences of General and Regional Anesthesia 163. Nausea and Vomiting 164. Neuromusclar Complications of Anesthesia 165. Neurologic Conseuqneces of Anesthesia Central Nervous System Physiology 166. Cerebral Cortex: Functional Organization 167, Subcortical Areas 168. Cerebral Blood Flow 169. Pathophysiology of Ischemia/Hypoxia: Global vs. Focal, Glucose Effects 170. Efffects of Brain Trauma or Tumors 171. Cerebrospinal Fluid 172. Blood-Brain Barrier 173. Relation to Blood Chemistry and Acid-Base Balance 174. Increased Intracranial Pressure 175. Genreal Organization 176. Spinal Cord Reflexes 177. Spinal Cord Tracts 178. Spinal Cord Morphology 179. Neuromuscular Transmission 180. Social, Vocational, and Psychological Influences on Pain Perception 181. Sex, Gender, and Age Differences in Pain and Pain Perception Automatic Nervous System 182. The Sympathetic Nervous System 183. The Parasympathetic Nervous System 184. Termination of Action 185. Ganglionic Transmition 186. Autonomic Reflexes 187. Afferent and Efferent Limbs Temperature Regulation 188. Temperature Sensing, Heat Production, and Conservation 189. Temperature Regulating Centers 190. Heat Loss Mechanisms 191. Body Temperature Measurement 192. Effect of Drugs/Anesthetic Technique on Temperature Regulation Brain Anatomy 193. Cerebral Cortex 194. Cerebellum 195. Brain Stem: Anatomy and Critical Role in Nausea and Vomiting 196. Respiratory Cneters 197. Reticular Activating System 198. Cerebral Circulation; Circle of Willis, Venous Sinuses and Drainage Spinal Cord and Spine 199. Variations in Vertebral Configuration 200. Spinal Nerves 201. Blood Supply 202. Sacral Nerves 203. Meninges 204. Cranial Nerves 205. Carotid and Aortic Bodies, Carotid Sinus 206. Ganglia, Rami Communicantes, Sympathetic Chain 207. Nociception 208. Periphera Nociceptors 209. Ascending Pathways and Descending inhibition Respiratory System Physiology 210. Lung Functions, Cellular Processes, and Surfactants 211. Lung Volumes and Capacities 212. Pulmonary Function Tests and Spirometry 213. Static, Dynamic Compliance and Airway Resistance 214. Pleural Pressure Gradient, Flow-Vlume Loops and Hysteresis, Surfactant, Laplace Law 215. Work of Breathing 216. Regulation of Airway Caliber 217. Ventilation: Perfusion 218. Distribution of Ventilation 219. Distribution of Perfusion 220. Alveolar Gas Equation 221. Diffusion and Pulmonary Diffusion Capacity 222. Apneic Oxygenation and Diffusion Hypoxia 223. Blood Gas 224. Oxygen Transport 225. Carbon Dioxide Transport 226. Systemic Effects of Hypercarbia and Hypocarbia 227. Systemic Effects of Hyperoxia and Hypoexemia 228. Basic Interpretation of Arterial Blood Gas and Temperature Correction 229. Repiratory Centers 230. Central and Peripheral Chemoreceptors 231. CO2 Response Curves 232. Non-Repiratory Functions of Lungs: Metabolic, Immune 233. Perioperative Smoking and Caffeine Use 234. Special Considerations in Pediatric Otolaryngology Surgery 235. Respiratory and Congenital Pediatric Airway Problems Anatomy 236. Nasal Anatomy and Pathology 237. Pharynx 238. Larynx 239. Innervation 240. Vocal Cords 241. Differences Between Infant and Adult Airway 242. Structure and Relationships in Neck and Chest 243. Muscles of Respiration Pharmacology 244. The Tracheobronchial Tree 245. Beta-Agonists 246. Anticholinergics 247. Steroids 248. Leukotriene Modifier Drugs 249. Mast Cell Stabilizers 250. Immunoglobulin E Blockers 251. Cocaine Pharmacology Cardiovascular System Physiology 252. Cardiac Cycle 253. Control of Heart Rate 254. Perioperative Use of Alcohol 255. Synchronicity of Pressure 256. Impulse Propagation 257. Normal ECG and Electrophysiology 258. Ventricular Function 259. The Frank-Starling Law 260. Force, Velocity, Length, Rate of Shortening 261. Myocardial Contractility 262. Myocardial Oxygen Utilization/Consumption 263. Systolic and Diastolic function 264. Cardiac Output: Fick Principle 265. Venous Return 266. Vessel Function 267. Blood Volume and Distribution 268. Blood Pressure 269. Systolic, Diastolic, Mean, and Perfusion Pressures 270. Intracardiac, Pulmonary and Venous Pressures 271. Baroreceptor Function 272. Systemic, Pulmonary Vascular Resistance and Viscosity 273. Capillary Diffusion, Osmotic Pressure, Starling's Law 274. Pre- and Post- Capillary Sphincter Control in Shock 275. Viscosity 276. Regional Blood Flow and Its Regulation 277. Regulation of Circulation and Blood Volume 278. Basics of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Anatomy 279. Coronary Circulation 280. Cardiac Glycosides 281. Heart Conduction System Pharmacology 282. Phosphodiesterase III Inhibitors (Inotropic Dilators) 283. Antiarrythmics 284. Vasopressors and Inotropes 285. Antianginal Drugs 286. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers 287. Vasodilators 288. Electrolytes 289. Non-Adrenergic Vasoconstrictors Gastrointestinal/Hepatic Systems 290. Hepatic Function and Metabolism 291. Enhanced Recovery After Colorectal Surgery 292. Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal and Hepatic System Renal System 293. Renal and Urinary Systems/Electrolyte Balance 294. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 295. Anatomy of the Kidney 296. Diuretics 297. Dopaminergic Drugs Hematologic System 298. Alternatives to Blood Transfusion 299. Blood Transfusions 300. Immunosuppressive and Anti-Rejection Drugs 301. Transfusion Indications 302.Complications of Transfusions 303. Blood Preservation, Storage 304. Blood Filters and Pumps 305. Effects of Cooling and Heating 306. Preparation for Transfusion 307. Anesthetic Considerations for Reactions to Transfusions 308. Synthetic and Recombinant Hemoglobins 309. Massive Transfusion Protocol 310. Anticoagulants, Antithrombotics, and Anti-Platelet Drugs Endocrine and Metabolic Systems 311. Hypothalamus 312. Pituatary Gland 313. Thyroid 314. Parathyroid Gland 315. Adrenal Gland and Pancreas 316. Adrenal Disease 317. Biochemistry of Normal Body Metabolism 318. Carbohydrates, Aerobic and Anaerobic Utilization, Chemical Processes and Enzymes 319. Relationship to Hormones 320. Glucagon and Caecholamines 321. Effects of Stress 322. Perioperative Management of Insulin 323. Protein Function as Immunoglobulins and Hormones 324. Protein Synthesis Structure, and Function 325. Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (CAMP), Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (CGMP) 326. Lipids: Triglycerides, Lipoproteins, Cholestorol 327. Specific Organ Metabolism Neuromuscular Diseases and Disorders 328. Prejunctional Components and Events 329. Posjunctional Components and Events 330. Perijunctional Channels Special Problems in Anesthesiology 331. Physician Impairment and Disability: Substance Abuse, Fatigue, Aging, Visual and Auditory Impairment, American Disabilities Act 332. Physician Wellness 333.Professionalism and Licensure 334. Ethics: Advance Directive, DNR/Suspend Orders, HIPAA 335. Informed Consent 336. Medical Errors 337. Shared Decision-Making 338. Disclosure of Errors to Patients 339. Core Competencies 340. Approach to Anesthesiology Exams: BASIC and ADVANCED