Toxic Chemicals: Risk Prevention Through Use Reduction

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Thomas E. Higgins (CH2M Hill, Reston, Virginia, USA) Jayanti A. Sachdev (Sterling, Virginia, USA)

Toxic Chemicals

Risk Prevention Through Use Reduction

Thomas E. Higgins (CH2M Hill, Reston, Virginia, USA), Jayanti A. Sachdev (Sterling, Virginia, USA), Stephen A. Engleman (San Diego, California, USA)

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English

CRC Press Inc
08 November 2010

Environment law; Medical toxicology; Toxicology (non-medical); Pollution & threats to the environment; Industrial chemistry & manufacturing technologies; Environmental science, engineering & technology

Catastrophic events such as the Bhopal, India tragedy and rising incidences of cancer in areas neighboring industrial facilities have heightened concern over the use of toxic chemicals in manufacturing and industry, particularly with respect to long-term exposure. While legislation and publicity have reduced the use of some chemicals, risks remain that continue to threaten the health of individuals worldwide. Based on the authors' research conducted through their development of a program in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Toxic Chemicals: Risk Prevention Through Use Reduction examines various toxicity factors and proposes a plan to reduce the toxic impact of these hazardous substances. Explores all factors that contribute to toxicity

The book begins by exploring the history of toxic chemical release reporting programs, a trend growing out of the Bhopal tragedy. It surveys their impact both in the United States through the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) program and in the 29 other countries that maintain similar programs. Then, with the goal of developing a rational method of prioritizing toxic chemicals for reduction, the authors discuss mobility, persistence, and bioconcentration adjustment factors and present a method for integrating all of these factors to estimate the relative impact of chemical release.

Compares alternate emphases in existing programs

The book describes programs that concentrate on reducing the release of chemicals with the greatest adverse toxic impact and those that require companies to prepare pollution prevention plans and set goals for reducing use or release. It also examines technical assistance programs that help companies search for alternative chemicals to use or process changes that eliminate the use of toxic chemicals. In addition, it explores alternative market-based approaches for achieving environmental protection.

Presents a workable plan for the future

In the final chapters, the authors lay out their proposed program for reducing the use of toxic chemicals. This plan builds on the existing TRI program and uses lessons learned from this and other programs. The combined research assembled by the authors and their multifaceted approach to the issue of chemical toxicity enables companies and policy makers to move to the next level of toxic chemical use reduction, resulting in a safer environment for future generations.

By: Thomas E. Higgins (CH2M Hill Reston Virginia USA), Jayanti A. Sachdev (Sterling, Virginia, USA), Stephen A. Engleman (San Diego, California, USA)
Imprint: CRC Press Inc
Country of Publication: United States
Dimensions: Height: 234mm, Width: 156mm, Spine: 23mm
Weight: 635g
ISBN: 9781439839157
ISBN 10: 1439839158
Pages: 352
Publication Date: 08 November 2010
Audience: College/higher education , General/trade , Primary , ELT Advanced
Format: Hardback
Publisher's Status: Active

Introduction. Toxic Chemical Composition Reporting. Toxic Chemical Release Reporting. TRI Programs in Other Countries. TRI Program Impacts on Reducing Toxic Chemical Releases. Quantifying Toxicity. Quantifying Mobility. Quantifying Persistence. Quantifying Bioconcentration. Developing Effective Toxicity Factors. Focusing on Impact Chemicals. Use versus Release Reporting. Pollution Prevention Planning. Technical Assistance. Market-Based Approaches to Environmental Protection. A Program to Reduce Toxic Chemical Use. Costs and Benefits. Appendix A: Chemicals List with CAS Numbers. Appendix B: CAS Numbers with Chemical Names.

Dr. Tom Higgins is one of the early founders and shapers of waste minimization and pollution prevention. He is a frequently invited speaker at technical conferences, company workshops, and board of directors to talk about Pollution Prevention. He has assisted companies and governmental agencies in setting up Pollution Prevention programs in the US, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Canada, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Uzbekistan, Taiwan, Mainland China, Australia, and Brazil.

Reviews for Toxic Chemicals: Risk Prevention Through Use Reduction

Higgins, Sachdev, and Engleman are environmental engineers with a career-long mission to control hazardous waste by minimizing waste releases rather than just treating wastes. The existing Toxics Release Inventory program (TRI) requires reporting release of chemicals as poundage, with no regard for risk factors. ... truly effective waste reduction programs require application of additional factors, including toxicity factors, air/water mobility factors, environmental persistence, and bioconcentration. Integration of all of these factors with the poundage released yields meaningful relative impact data or effective toxicity factors. This book provides tables of all of these data for hundreds of reportable chemicals. The authors also describe TRI programs for foreign countries, pollution prevention and waste reduction programs for eight states, and program costs. An appendix provides lists of chemicals with their CAS Registry Numbers. Valuable for safety and environmental engineers, toxicologists, ecologists, those in environmental policy positions, legislators, journalists, and the concerned public, as well as students in the relevant disciplines. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above; general audiences. --R.E. Buntrock, formerly University of Maine, in CHOICE, June 2011, Vol. 48, No. 10