Jinlin Zhao, PhD, is a Professor, Director of Graduate Program and Director of Asia and Pacific Development, Chaplin School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA. Lianping (Eve) Ren, D.HTM, is an Assistant Professor and the Academic Coordinator for the Tourism Retail and Marketing Management Program (which also oversees business management subjects) at the Macao Institute for Tourism Studies. Xiangping Li, PhD, is an Assistant Professor at the Macao Institute for Tourism Studies.