ARIANE CHAPELLE, PHD, is Associate Professor (Honorary Reader) at University College London for the course 'Operational Risk Measurement for Financial Institutions' and is a Fellow of the Institute of Operational Risk and a trainer for the Professional Risk Managers' International Association (PRMIA), for whom she designed the Certificate of Learning and Practice in Advanced Operational Risk Management. She is a former holder of the Chair of International Finance at the University of Brussels. She has been active in operational risk management since 2000 and is a former head of operational risk management at ING Group and Lloyds Banking Group. Dr. Chapelle runs her own training and consulting practice in risk management. Her clients include Tier 1 financial organisations and international financial institutions.