High-Power Converters and AC Drives

About the Authors xv Preface and Acknowledgments xvii List of Abbreviations xix Part One Introduction 1 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Overview of High-Power Drives 3 1.2 Technical Requirements and Challenges 5 1.3 Converter Configurations 8 1.4 Industrial MV Drives 11 1.5 Summary 14 References 15 Appendix 16 2. High-Power Semiconductor Devices 17 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 High-Power Switching Devices 18 2.3 Operation of Series Connected Devices 29 2.4 Summary 32 References 33 Part Two Multipulse Diode and SCR Rectifiers 35 3. Multipulse Diode Rectifiers 37 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Six-Pulse Diode Rectifier 38 3.3 Series-Type Multipulse Diode Rectifiers 47 3.4 Separate-Type Multipulse Diode Rectifiers 57 3.5 Summary 62 References 63 4. Multipulse SCR Rectifiers 65 4.1 Introduction 65 4.2 Six-Pulse SCR Rectifier 65 4.3 12-Pulse SCR Rectifier 74 4.4 18- and 24-Pulse SCR Rectifiers 79 4.5 Summary 80 References 81 5. Phase-Shifting Transformers 83 5.1 Introduction 83 5.2 Y/Z Phase-Shifting Transformers 83 5.3 Δ/Z Transformers 86 5.4 Harmonic Current Cancellation 89 5.5 Summary 92 Part Three Multilevel Voltage Source Converters 93 6. Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter 95 6.1 Introduction 95 6.2 Sinusoidal PWM 95 6.3 Space Vector Modulation 101 6.4 Summary 116 References 117 7. Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverters 119 7.1 Introduction 119 7.2 H-Bridge Inverter 120 7.3 Multilevel Inverter Topologies 124 7.4 Carrier-Based PWM Schemes 128 7.5 Staircase Modulation 138 7.6 Summary 140 References 140 8. Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverters 143 8.1 Introduction 143 8.2 Three-Level Inverter 143 8.3 Space Vector Modulation 148 8.4 Neutral-Point Voltage Control 165 8.5 Carrier-Based PWM Scheme and Neutral-Point Voltage Control 167 8.6 Other Space Vector Modulation Algorithms 169 8.7 High-Level Diode-Clamped Inverters 170 8.8 NPC/H-Bridge Inverter 174 8.9 Summary 180 References 180 Appendix 182 9. Other Multilevel Voltage Source Inverters 185 9.1 Introduction 185 9.2 Multilevel Flying-Capacitor Inverter 185 9.3 Active Neutral-Point Clamped Inverter 188 9.4 Neutral-Point Piloted Inverter 197 9.5 Nested Neutral-Point Clamped Inverter 200 9.6 Modular Multilevel Converter 209 9.7 Summary 222 References 222 Part Four PWM Current Source Converters 225 10. PWM Current Source Inverters 227 10.1 Introduction 227 10.2 PWM Current Source Inverter 228 10.3 Space Vector Modulation 237 10.4 Parallel Current Source Inverters 247 10.5 Load-Commutated Inverter (LCI) 253 10.6 Summary 254 References 255 Appendix 256 11. PWM Current Source Rectifiers 257 11.1 Introduction 257 11.2 Single-Bridge Current Source Rectifier 257 11.3 Dual-Bridge Current Source Rectifier 265 11.4 Power Factor Control 269 11.5 Active Damping Control 275 11.6 Summary 283 References 284 Appendix 285 Part Five High-Power AC Drives 287 12. Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives 289 12.1 Introduction 289 12.2 Two-Level VSI-Based MV Drives 289 12.3 Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) Inverter Fed Drives 293 12.4 Multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) Inverter Fed Drives 298 12.5 NPC/H-Bridge Inverter Fed Drives 302 12.6 ANPC Inverter Fed Drive 303 12.7 MMC Inverter Fed Drive 305 12.8 10 KV-Class Drives with Multilevel Converters 306 12.9 Summary 307 References 307 13. Current Source Inverter Fed Drives 309 13.1 Introduction 309 13.2 CSI Drives with PWM Rectifiers 309 13.3 Transformerless CSI Drive for Standard AC Motors 315 13.4 CSI Drive with Multipulse SCR Rectifier 316 13.5 LCI Drives for Synchronous Motors 318 13.6 Summary 320 References 320 14. Control of Induction Motor Drives 321 14.1 Introduction 321 14.2 Reference Frame Transformation 322 14.3 Induction Motor Dynamic Models 325 14.4 Principle of Field Oriented Control (FOC) 332 14.5 Direct Field Oriented Control 335 14.6 Indirect Field Oriented Control 339 14.7 FOC for CSI Fed Drives 341 14.8 Direct Torque Control 344 14.9 Summary 351 References 351 15. Control of Synchronous Motor Drives 353 15.1 Introduction 353 15.2 Modeling of Synchronous Motor 353 15.3 VSC FED SM Drive with Zero d-Axis Current (ZDC) Control 360 15.4 VSC FED SM Drive with MTPA Control 367 15.5 VSC FED SM Drive with DTC Scheme 372 15.6 Control of CSC FED SM Drives 381 15.7 Summary 390 References 390 Appendix 391 Part Six Special Topics on MV Drives 393 16. Matrix Converter Fed MV Drives 395 16.1 Introduction 395 16.2 Classic Matrix Converter (MC) 396 16.3 Three-Module Matrix Converter 401 16.4 Multi-Module Cascaded Matrix Converter (CMC) 408 16.5 Multi-Module CMC Fed MV Drive 413 16.6 Summary 415 References 415 17. Transformerless MV Drives 417 17.1 Introduction 417 17.2 Common-Mode Voltage Issues and Conventional Solution 418 17.3 CM Voltage Reduction in Multilevel VSC 422 17.4 Transformerless Drives with Multilevel VSC 434 17.5 Transformerless CSI Fed Drives 440 17.6 Summary 444 References 445 Index 447