The explosion in clinical testing has been especially rapid in virology, where emerging viruses and growing numbers of viral infections are driving advances. The Guide to Clinical and Diagnostic Virology offers a digestible view of the breadth and depth of information related to clinical virology, providing a practical, working knowledge of the wide array of viruses that cause human disease.
Introductory chapters cover the basics of clinical virology and laboratory diagnosis of infections, including virus structure, life cycle, transmission, taxonomy, specimen types and handling, and a comparison of assays used for detection. Detailed sections on important topics include
Viral pathogens and their clinical presentations Diagnostic assays and techniques, including culture-based, immunological, and molecular Prevention and management of viral infections, with guidance on biosafety, vaccines, and antiviral therapies The regulatory environment for laboratory testing, including regulatory requirements and assay performance and interpretation
Critical concepts are carefully curated and concisely summarized and presented with detailed illustrations that aid comprehension, along with important highlights and helpful hints. These features, plus question sections that reinforce significant ideas and key concepts, make this an invaluable text for anyone looking for an accessible route through clinical and diagnostic virology. Laboratory technologists, medical students, infectious disease and microbiology fellows, pathology residents, researchers, and everyone involved with viruses in the clinical setting will find the Guide to Clinical and Diagnostic Virology an excellent text as well as companion to clinical virology references.
By:
Reeti Khare (Northwell Health Laboratories Lake Success NY)
Imprint: American Society for Microbiology
Country of Publication: United States
Dimensions:
Height: 279mm,
Width: 216mm,
Spine: 15mm
Weight: 953g
ISBN: 9781555819910
ISBN 10: 1555819915
Series: ASM Books
Pages: 460
Publication Date: 01 March 2019
Audience:
Professional and scholarly
,
Undergraduate
Format: Paperback
Publisher's Status: Active
Preface xi Acknowledgments xii Abbreviations xiii About the Author xvi SECTION I: Foundations of Clinical Virology 3 1 Introduction to Viruses 5 Virus structure, life cycle, Baltimore classification, transmission, nomenclature 2 Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections 17 Differential diagnosis for viral syndromes, specimen collection, general comparison of diagnostic techniques SECTION II: Viral Pathogens and Clinical Presentation 23 3 Respiratory Viruses 25 Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, coronaviruses, mumps virus 4 Viruses with Dermatologic Manifestations 43 Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, measles virus, rubella virus, human herpesviruses 6 and 7, molluscum contagiosum virus, smallpox virus, comparison of herpesviruses 1 to 8 5 Gastrointestinal and Fecal-Oral Hepatitis Viruses 61 Rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus 6 Viruses That Can Cause Multiple Syndromes 71 Enteroviruses and parechoviruses, adenoviruses, parvovirus B19, human bocavirus 7 Opportunistic Viruses Associated with Immunosuppression 83 Cytomegalovirus, BK virus, JC virus 8 Blood-Borne Hepatitis Viruses 91 Hepatitis B, C, and D viruses, and comparison of hepatitis viruses A through E 9 Human Retroviruses 105 Human immunodeficiency virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus 10 Oncogenic Viruses 121 Human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 8 11 Zoonotic Viruses 133 Rabies virus, Ebola and Marburg viruses, Lassa virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, hantaviruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, monkeypox virus, herpes B virus, Hendra and Nipah viruses, comparison of zoonotic viruses 12 Arboviruses 147 Mosquitoes, ticks, dengue virus, yellow fever virus, chikungunya virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, eastern, western, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses, Japanese encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Rift Valley fever virus, comparison of arboviruses SECTION III: Diagnostic Assays and Techniques 161 13 Culture and Tissue-Based Diagnostic Techniques 163 Conventional viral culture and cell lines, cytopathic effect, viral growth rates, shell vial assays, hemadsorption, quantification by plaque-forming units and TCID50, histopathology and cytopathology of viruses, in situ hybridization 14 Diagnostic Techniques Based on Immunological Interactions 175 Enzyme immunoassays including ELISAs, chemiluminescent immunoassays, and immunoblot assays, immunofluorescence assays, immunochromatographic (lateral flow) assays, hemagglutination inhibition and plaque reduction neutralization assays, serologic assays, kinetics and interpretation of antibody responses, comparison of immunoassays 15 Molecular Techniques: Nucleic Acid Amplification 189 Importance of nucleic acid structure, sample processing, PCR, reverse transcription-PCR, real-time PCR, quantitative vs. qualitative PCR, melt curve analysis, droplet digital PCR, nested PCR, multiplex PCR, transcription-mediated amplification, PCR controls, minimizing contamination 16 Molecular Techniques: Sequencing 207 Applications of sequencing, first generation (Sanger, dideoxy chain termination) and next generation (Illumina, Ion Torrent, PacBio, and Oxford Nanopore) sequencing, sample preprocessing, library generation, amplification techniques, quality and depth of coverage, data analysis, comparison of all platforms SECTION IV: Prevention and Management of Viral Infections 227 17 Biosafety 229 Biosafety levels, select agents, reportable diseases, personal protective equipment, biosafety cabinets, isolation precautions 18 Vaccines 237 Active and passive immunity, types of vaccines, route of administration, risk and other consequences of vaccination, antibody-dependent enhancement, table of available viral and other vaccines, diagram of routine vaccination schedule 19 Antivirals 249 Antivirals against herpesviruses, human papillomaviruses, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, antiretrovirals and antivirals with broad coverage, immunomodulators, comparison of antivirals, mechanisms of action SECTION V: The Regulatory Environment for Laboratory Testing 265 20 Regulatory Requirements 267 Classification of diagnostic assays, test complexity, role of CMS, CDC, CLSI, CLIA, inspections, proficiency testing, billing and coding 21 Assay Performance and Interpretation 275 Validation/verification, performance characteristics (precision, accuracy, reportable range, reference range, analytic sensitivity, analytic specificity), diagnostic and clinical sensitivity and specificity, prevalence, predictive value, ROC curves References 285 Answers 289 Index 293
Reeti Khare, PhD, D(ABMM), is the Director of Microbiology at Northwell Health Laboratories in New York. She received her PhD in Virology and Gene Therapy at Mayo Clinic and did a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Washington. Her research involved reengineering viral vectors, developing adenoviruses for liver gene therapy, and creating viral vector vaccines against MRSA. She returned to Mayo Clinic for her clinical microbiology fellowship and is a diplomate of the American Board of Medical Microbiology. Reeti enjoys teaching and learning about microbiology and has authored numerous publications, chapters, and reviews. At Northwell Health Labs she continues to pursue clinical research and provide student education, and is responsible for laboratory oversight, improving efficiency, designing workflows, and diagnostic microbiology testing.
Reviews for Guide to Clinical and Diagnostic Virology
Reeti Khare's Guide to Clinical and Diagnostic Virology uses simple language in an abbreviated format to describe the general characteristics, epidemiology, clinical disease, and diagnostic approaches for all the important viruses of human disease. It has numerous figures and tables that aid in understanding basic concepts in clinical virology. In addition, each chapter ends with a series of review questions so students can self-assess their understanding of the material covered in that chapter. This book is at an introductory level ideal for pre-health students as well as medical, dental, nursing, and physician assistant students who do not have a formal course in microbiology but want a rapid review of clinical virology in preparation for their board examinations. -Peter H. Gilligan, PhD, Professor of Pathology-Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology-Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
