In the region comprising Turkey and Greece, people have been using water from geothermal sources for bathing and washing of clothes since ancient times. This region falls within the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt and hence is a locus of active volcanism and tectonism and experiences frequent seismic events. This volcanic and tectonic activity has given rise to over 1500 geothermal springs. Its importance was recognized decades ago and the geothermal water is now being utilized for district heating, industrial processing, domestic water supply, balneology and electric power generation. The geothermal potential in this region is large. In Turkey alone it is estimated to be more than 31500 MWt while the proven potential is 4078 MWt. At present 2084 MWt is being utilized for direct applications in Turkey and 135 MWt in Greece. In Turkey electricity is produced for 166 MW installed capacity, whereas in Greece geothermal energy is presently not used for electricity production despite its potential.
This book discusses the geochemical evolution of the thermal waters and thermal gases in terms of the current volcano-tectonic setting and associated geological framework that makes the region very important to the geothermal scientific community. The book explains, in a didactic way, the possible applications, depending on local conditions and scales, and it presents new and stimulating ideas for future developments of this renewable energy source. Additionally, the book discusses the role(s) of possible physicochemical processes in deep hydrothermal systems, the volatile provenance and relative contributions of mantle and crustal components to total volatile inventories. It provides the reader with a thorough understanding of the geothermal systems of this region and identifi es the most suitable solutions for specifi c tasks and needs elsewhere in the world. It is the fi rst time that abundant information and data from this region, obtained from intensive research during the last few decades, is unveiled to the international geothermal community. Thus, an international readership, in the professional and academic sectors, as well as in key institutions that deal with geothermal energy, will benefit from the knowledge from geothermal research and experiences obtained from the Aegean Region.
About the book series, Editorial board, Contributors, Preface by Ladislaus Rybach, Editors’ foreword, About the editors, Acknowledgements, 1. Chemical and isotopic constraints on the origin of thermal waters in Anatolia, Turkey: fluid–mineral equilibria approach, 2. Gas geochemistry of Turkish geothermal fluids: He–CO2 systematics in relation to active tectonics and volcanism, 3. Geothermal fields and thermal waters of Greece: an overview, 4. Geological setting, geothermal conditions and hydrochemistry of south and southeastern Aegean geothermal systems, 5. Application of hydrogeochemical techniques in geothermal systems; examples from the eastern Mediterranean region, 6. Hydrochemical investigations of thermal and mineral waters in the Turgutlu-Salihli-Ala¸sehir plain (Gediz graben), western Turkey, 7. Electrically conductive structures and geothermal model in Sakarya-Göynük area in eastern Marmara region inferred from magnetotelluric data, 8. Use of sulfur isotopes on low-enthalpy geothermal systems in Aya¸s-Beypazar? (Ankara), central Anatolia, Turkey, 9. Geochemistry of thermal waters in eastern Anatolia: a case study from Diyadin (A?gr?) and Erci¸s-Zilan (Van), 10. Balçova geothermal field district heating system: lessons learned from 16 years of application, 11. Rapid development of geothermal power generation in Turkey, 12. Scaling problem of the geothermal system in Turkey, 13. Exergetic and exergoeconomic aspects of ground-source (geothermal) heat pumps in Turkey, 14. Application of geophysical methods in Gulbahce geothermal site, Urla-Izmir, western Anatolia, 15. Palaeoenvironmental and palynological study of the geothermal area in the Gülbahçe Bay (Aegean Sea, western Turkey), Subject index, Book series page
Jochen Bundschuh, Alper Baba, D. Chandrasekharam
