Laurence Hartley is Associate Professor of Psychology at Murdoch University, Western Australia. Gaining his PhD from the University of London in 1968, he worked until 1973 at the MRC APU in Cambridge, when he joined the Psychology Department at the University of Otago in New Zealand. Researching into the effects of centrally acting drugs on the human nervous system both there, later at the University of Leicester, and utimatelly at Murdoch. He has been involved in a range of applied research projects, including such human factors issues as visual inspection of agricultural tasks, human performance of submariners, the effects of stress-including fatigue - on driving, and latterly the perception of health risks among urban aboriginal Australians.