Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult

Abdominal Distention in the Adult Horse 1 Abdominal Hernia in Adult Horses* 4 Abdominocentesis—Increased Peritoneal Fluid 5 Abnormal Estrus Intervals 7 Abnormal Scrotal Enlargement 9 Abnormal Testicular Size 11 Abortion, Spontaneous, Infectious 13 Abortion, Spontaneous, Noninfectious 16 Acer rubrum (Red Maple) Toxicosis 19 Acidosis, Metabolic 20 Acidosis, Respiratory 22 Actinobacillosis 24 Acute Adult Abdominal Pain—Acute Colic 25 Acute Epiglottiditis 27 Acute Hepatitis in Adult Horses (Theiler Disease)* 28 Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Acute Renal Failure (ARF) 30 Acute-Phase Response 32 Adenovirus 33 Adrenal Insufficiency* 34 Aflatoxicosis 35 African Horse Sickness 36 Agalactia/Hypogalactia 37 Aggression 39 Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 42 Alkalosis, Metabolic 44 Alkalosis, Respiratory 45 Alopecia 46 Amitraz Toxicosis 49 Ammonia, Hyperammonemia 50 Amylase, Lipase, and Trypsin 52 Anaerobic Bacterial Infections 53 Anaphylaxis 55 Anemia 57 Anemia, Chronic Disease 59 Anemia, Heinz Body 60 Anemia, Immune Mediated* 62 Anemia, Iron Deficiency 64 Anestrus 65 Angular Limb Deformity 67 Anhidrosis 69 Anorexia and Decreased Food Intake* 70 Anthrax 72 Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicosis 73 Anuria/Oliguria 74 Aortic Regurgitation 76 Aortic Rupture 78 Aortoiliac Thrombosis 81 Arsenic Toxicosis 82 Artificial Insemination 83 Arytenoid Chondropathy 86 Ascarid Infestation 88 Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) 89 Aspiration Pneumonia 91 Atheroma of the False Nostril 92 Atopic Dermatitis* 93 Atrial Fibrillation 96 Atrial Septal Defect 99 Atypical Myopathy 101 Aural Plaques 102 Azotemia and Uremia 103 Back Pain 105 Bacteremia/Sepsis 106 Bacterial Dermatitis—Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci 108 Bile Acids 110 Bilirubin (Hyperbilirubinemia) 111 Biosecurity, Disinfectants in the Breeding Shed 113 Blood and Plasma Transfusion Reactions 115 Blood Culture 117 Blue-Green Algae 119 Bordetella bronchiseptica 120 Botulism 121 Bradyarrhythmias 123 Broad Ligament Hematoma 124 Brucellosis 125 Bruxism 126 Burdock Pappus Bristle Keratopathy 128 Calcific Band Keratopathy 129 Calcium, Hypercalcemia 130 Calcium, Hypocalcemia 132 Cantharidin Toxicosis 134 Cardiotoxic Plants 136 Castration, Henderson Castration Instrument 138 Castration, Routine 139 Centaurea and Acroptilon Toxicosis 140 Cerebellar Abiotrophy 141 Cervical Lesions 142 Cervical Vertebral Malformation 145 Cestrum diurnum Toxicosis* 146 Chloride, Hyperchloremia 147 Chloride, Hypochloremia 148 Cholelithiasis* 149 Chorioretinitis 150 Chronic Diarrhea* 151 Chronic Kidney Disease 153 Chronic Progressive Lymphedema 155 Chronic Weight Loss 156 Cleft Palate 157 Clitoral Enlargement 158 Clostridial Myositis 159 Clostridium difficile Infection 161 Coagulation Defects, Acquired 163 Coagulation Defects, Inherited 165 Coccidioidomycosis* 166 Coccidiosis 167 Colic, Chronic/Recurrent 168 Colic in Foals 170 Complex Congenital Cardiac Disease 173 Conception Failure in Mares 175 Congenital Cardiac Abnormalities* 178 Conium maculatum (Poison Hemlock) Toxicosis 180 Conjunctival Diseases 181 Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM) 183 Corneal/Scleral Lacerations 185 Corneal Stromal Abscesses 186 Corneal Ulceration 187 Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis* 189 Cough, Acute/Chronic 191 Creatine Kinase (CK) 193 Cryptorchidism 195 Cryptosporidiosis 197 Cutaneous Photosensitization* 198 Cyanide Toxicosis 200 Cyathostominosis* 201 Cytology of Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Fluid 203 Cytology of Pleural Fluid 204 Cytology of Tracheal Aspiration (TA) Fluid 205 Dacryocystitis 207 Delayed Uterine Involution 209 Dermatomycoses, Subcutaneous (SC) 210 Dermatomycoses, Superficial 213 Dermatophilosis 215 Diaphragmatic Hernia 216 Diarrhea, Neonate 217 Dicoumarol (Moldy Sweet Clover) Toxicosis 219 Diseases of the Equine Nictitans 220 Disorders of Sexual Development 222 Disorders of the Thyroid, Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism 224 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 226 Distal and Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Disease 228 Distal Tarsitis 229 Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate (DDSP) 230 Dorsal Metacarpal Bone Disease 231 Dourine 232 Duodenitis–Proximal Jejunitis (Anterior Enteritis, Proximal Enteritis) 234 Dynamic Collapse of the Upper Airways 236 Dystocia 238 Ear Tick-Associated Muscle Cramping 240 Early Embryonic Death 241 Eastern (EEE), Western (WEE), and Venezuelan (VEE) Equine Encephalitides 243 Eclampsia 245 Ectoparasites 246 Embryo Transfer 248 Endocarditis, Infective 250 Endometrial Biopsy 252 Endometritis 254 Endotoxemia 258 Enterolithiasis 260 Eosinophilia and Basophilia 262 Eosinophilic Enteritis 263 Eosinophilic Keratitis 265 Epiglottic Entrapment 266 Equine Asthma 267 Equine Coronavirus* 268 Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis 269 Equine Herpesvirus 5 271 Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy 272 Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS)/Insulin Dysregulation (ID) 273 Equine Motor Neuron Disease 275 Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis 277 Equine Oocytes and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)* 279 Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) 281 Equine Recurrent Uveitis 284 Equine Sarcoidosis 286 Esophageal Obstruction (Choke) 287 Excessive Maternal Behavior/Foal Stealing 289 Exercise-Associated Arrhythmias 290 Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH)* 291 Exercise Intolerance in Sport Horses 292 Exertional Rhabdomyolysis 294 Expiratory Dyspnea 296 Exudative Optic Neuropathy 298 Eyelid Diseases 299 Failure of Transfer of Passive Immunity (FTPI) 301 Fear 303 Fescue Toxicosis 306 Fetal Stress/Distress/Viability 308 Fever 311 Flexural Limb Deformity 315 Fluid Therapy, Neonate 317 Foal Immunodeficiency Syndrome 319 Fractures in Endurance Horses 320 Fumonisins* 322 Fungal Pneumonia 324 Fusaria* 325 Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) 326 Gastric Dilation/Distention 328 Gastric Impaction 330 Gastric Neoplasia 332 Gastric Ulcers and Erosions (Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome, EGUS) 333 Gastric Ulcers, Neonate 335 Getah Virus Infection* 337 Glanders* 338 Glaucoma 339 Glucose, Hyperglycemia 341 Glucose, Hypoglycemia 343 Glucose Tolerance Tests 344 Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency 346 Goiter 347 Granulomatous Enteritis 348 Grass Sickness* 349 Guttural Pouch Empyema 351 Guttural Pouch Mycosis 352 Guttural Pouch Tympany 353 Headshaking 354 Head Trauma 355 Heaves (Severe Equine Asthma, RAO) 357 Hemangiosarcoma 359 Hemorrhage, Acute 360 Hemorrhage, Chronic 362 Hemorrhagic Nasal Discharge 363 Hemospermia 364 Hendra Virus 365 Hepatic Abscess and Septic Cholangiohepatitis 366 Hepatic Encephalopathy 368 Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia 369 Hernias (Umbilical and Inguinal) 370 Herpesvirus 3 372 Herpesvirus Types 1 and 4 373 High-Risk Pregnancy 375 Hydrocephalus 379 Hydrops Allantois/Amnion 380 Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis 382 Hyperlipidemia/Hyperlipemia 384 Hyperthermia* 386 Hypoxemia 388 Icterus (Prehepatic, Hepatic, Posthepatic) 390 Idiopathic Colitis/Typhlitis* 392 Ileal Hypertrophy 394 Ileus 395 Immune-Mediated Keratitis 397 Immunoglobulin Deficiencies 399 Immunosuppression 401 Impaction 403 Infectious Anemia (EIA) 405 Infectious Arthritis (Nonhematogenous) 407 Inflammatory Airway Disease—IAD in Performing Horses (Mild and Moderate Equine Asthma) 409 Influenza* 411 Insect Hypersensitivity 413 Inspiratory Dyspnea 415 Insulin Levels/Insulin Tolerance Test 417 Internal Abdominal Abscesses 419 Intestinal Absorption Tests 421 Intra-abdominal Hemorrhage in Horses* 423 Intracarotid Injections 425 Ionophore Toxicosis 426 Iris Prolapse 428 Iron Toxicosis 429 Ischemic Optic Neuropathy 430 Isocoma pluriflora Toxicosis* 431 Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) Toxicosis 432 Laminitis 433 Lantana camara Toxicosis* 436 Large Colon Torsion* 437 Large Ovary Syndrome 439 Laryngeal Hemiparesis/Hemiplegia (Recurrent Laryngeal Neuropathy) 442 Lavender Foal Syndrome 444 Lawsonia Intracellularis Infections in Foals 445 Lead (Pb) Toxicosis 446 Learning, Training, and Behavior Problems 448 Lens Opacities/Cataracts 451 Leptospirosis 453 Lethal White Foal Syndrome 455 Leukocytoclastic Pastern Vasculitis 456 Leukoencephalomalacia 458 Locomotor Stereotypic Behaviors 460 Lungworm—Parasitic Bronchitis and Pneumonia 462 Lyme Disease 463 Lymphadenopathy 465 Lymphocytic–Plasmacytic Enterocolitis 466 Lymphocytosis 467 Lymphopenia 469 Lymphosarcoma 470 Magnesium (Mg2+) 472 Magnesium Disorders* 473 Malabsorption 474 Malicious Intoxication 476 Mastitis 477 Maternal Foal Rejection 478 Meconium Retention 479 Melanoma* 481 Melena and Hematochezia 482 Meningitis, Neonate 483 Mercury Toxicosis 484 Metabolic Disorders in Endurance Horses 485 Metacarpo- (Metatarso-)phalangeal Joint Disease 487 Metaldehyde Toxicosis 488 Methemoglobin 489 Methylxanthine Toxicosis 491 Mitral Regurgitation 492 Monensin Toxicosis 494 Monocytosis 495 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome 496 Multiple Myeloma 497 Multisystemic Eosinophilic Epitheliotropic Disease* 498 Myeloproliferative Diseases 499 Myocardial Disease 500 Narcolepsy and Cataplexy 502 Navicular Syndrome 503 Neonatal Isoerythrolysis 504 Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome 506 Nerium oleander (Oleander) Toxicosis 508 Neuroaxonal Dystrophy/Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy 509 Neutropenia 510 Neutrophilia 512 Nigropallidal Encephalomalacia 514 Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicosis 515 Nutrition in Foals* 516 Nutritional Myodegeneration 518 Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT) 520 Ocular/Adnexal Squamous Cell Carcinoma 521 Ocular Examination 523 Ocular Problems in the Neonate 524 Omphalophlebitis 526 Optic Nerve Atrophy 528 Oral Neoplasia 529 Oral Stereotypic Behavior 531 Oral Ulcers 533 Orbital Disease 535 Organophosphate and Carbamate Toxicosis 537 Osmolality, Hyperosmolality 539 Osteoarthritis 541 Osteochondrosis 543 Ovulation Failure 545 Pancreatic Disease 546 Pancytopenia 547 Panicum coloratum (Kleingrass) Toxicosis* 548 Papillomatosis 549 Paraphimosis 550 Pastern Dermatitis 552 Patent Ductus Arteriosus 554 Patent Urachus 556 Pemphigus Foliaceus 557 Penetrating Injuries to the Foot* 558 Penile Lacerations 559 Penile Paralysis 560 Penile Vesicles, Erosions, and Tumors 561 Pentachlorophenol (PCP) Toxicosis 563 Pericarditis 564 Perineal Lacerations/Recto-Vaginal-Vestibular Fistulas 566 Periocular Sarcoid 568 Periodontal Disease 570 Peritonitis 572 Petechiae, Ecchymoses, and Hematomas 573 Pharyngeal Lymphoid Hyperplasia (Pharyngitis) 574 Pheochromocytoma 575 Phimosis 576 Phosphorus, Hyperphosphatemia 577 Phosphorus, Hypophosphatemia 578 Photic Headshaking 579 Photosensitization* 581 Pica 583 Pigmenturia (Hematuria, Hemoglobinuria, and Myoglobinuria) 584 Piroplasmosis 587 Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction 589 Placenta Basics 591 Placental Insufficiency 592 Placentitis 593 Plasma Proteins 595 Pleuropneumonia 597 Pneumonia, Neonate 598 Pneumothorax 600 Pneumovagina/Pneumouterus 601 Poisoning (Intoxication)—General Principles 602 Polycythemia 605 Polyneuritis Equi 607 Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy 608 Polyuria (PU) and Polydipsia (PD) 609 Postpartum Metritis 611 Potassium, Hyperkalemia 613 Potassium, Hypokalemia 614 Potomac Horse Fever (PHF) 615 Pregnancy Diagnosis 617 Premature Placental Separation 620 Prematurity/Dysmaturity in Foals 621 Prepubic Tendon Rupture 623 Priapism 624 Primary Hyperparathyroidism 625 Probiotics in Foals and Horses* 626 Progressive Ethmoidal Hematoma (PEH)* 628 Proliferative Optic Neuropathy 629 Prolonged Diestrus 630 Prolonged Pregnancy 632 Protein, Hyperproteinemia 634 Protein, Hypoproteinemia 636 Protein-Losing Enteropathy (PLE) 638 Ptyalism 639 Purpura Haemorrhagica 640 Purulent Nasal Discharge 642 Pyometra 644 Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicosis* 646 Quercus spp. (Oak) Toxicosis 648 Rabies 649 Rectal Prolapse 650 Rectal Tears 652 Regurgitation/Vomiting/Dysphagia 654 Removal and Shipment of Ovaries for Postmortem ICSI 655 Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Foals 657 Resuscitation, Neonate 658 Retained Deciduous Teeth 660 Retained Fetal Membranes 662 Rhodococcus equi (Prescottella equi) 663 Rib Fractures in Foals 665 Right and Left Dorsal Displacement of the Colon 666 Right Dorsal Colitis 668 Robinia pseudoacacia (Black Locust) Toxicosis 670 Rotavirus 671 Salmonellosis 672 Sand Impaction and Enteropathy 674 Sarcoid* 676 Seasonal Pasture Myopathy/Atypical Myopathy 678 Seizure Disorders 679 Seizures in Foals* 680 Selenium Intoxication 682 Self-Mutilation 683 Septic Arthritis, Neonate 684 Septic Meningoencephalomyelitis 686 Septicemia, Neonate 687 Serum Amyloid A (SAA) 689 Severe Combined Immunodeficiency 691 Shivers (Shivering) 692 Sinusitis (Paranasal)* 693 Slaframine Toxicosis 695 Small Intestinal Obstruction 696 Smoke Inhalation 699 Snake Envenomation 701 Sodium, Hypernatremia 703 Sodium, Hyponatremia 704 Solanum spp. (Nightshade) Toxicosis 705 Solar Abscess 706 Soluble Oxalate Toxicosis 707 Sorbitol Dehydrogenase (SDH) 708 Sorghum spp. Toxicosis 710 Spermatogenesis and Factors Affecting Sperm Production 711 Spider Envenomation 713 Splenomegaly 714 Stallion Sexual Behavior Problems 715 Stationary Night Blindness 717 Streptococcus equi Infection 718 Stress Fractures 720 Stringhalt 722 Summer Pasture-Associated Equine Asthma (Pasture Asthma)* 723 Superficial Non-Healing Ulcers 725 Supraventricular Arrhythmias 726 Suspensory Desmitis 728 Synchronous Diaphragmatic Flutter 729 Synovial Fluid 730 Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy 732 Tendonitis 733 Tenesmus 735 Teratoma 737 Tetanus* 738 Thoracic Trauma 740 Thrombocytopenia 742 Thrombocytosis 744 Thrombophlebitis 745 Thyroid-Releasing Hormone (TRH) and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Tests 746 Thyroid Tumors 748 Toxic Hepatopathy 749 Tremorgenic Mycotoxin Toxicoses 751 Tricuspid Regurgitation 753 Trifolium hybridum Toxicosis 755 Tropane Alkaloids Toxicosis 756 Trypanosomiasis 757 Tuberculosis 759 Tumors of the Respiratory System 760 Twin Pregnancy 761 Tyzzer Disease (Clostridium piliforme) 763 Ulcerative Keratomycosis 764 Upward Fixation of the Patella 766 Urinalysis (U/A) 767 Urinary Incontinence 769 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) 771 Urine Pooling/Urovagina 773 Urolithiasis 774 Uroperitoneum, Neonate 776 Urticaria 778 Uterine Inertia 780 Uterine Torsion 781 Vaccination Protocols 783 Vaginal Prolapse 785 Vaginitis and Vaginal Discharge 786 Ventricular Arrhythmias 787 Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) 790 Verminous Meningoencephalomyelitis 792 Vesicular Stomatitis 793 Vicia villosa (Hairy Vetch) Toxicosis 794 Viral Arteritis (EVA) 795 Viral (Herpes) Keratitis (Putative) 797 Vision 798 Vitrification of Equine Embryos 800 Vulvar Conformation 802 Weaning Separation Stress 804 West Nile Virus 806 Index 807